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This annotated bibliography is the first to cover the early phases of the Korean War, for the period from June 25 to September 22, 1950, in a comprehensive manner. This guide provides a brief history of the critial period around the Pusan perimeter, identifies important archival sources, and then describes 401 studies in English--both offical and unofficial reports, documents, surveys, monographs, and periodical articles. The bibliography is organized both by different genres of work and topically. An appendix points to the United Nations country's forces that served in the war. Indexes by author, subject, and periodical make this short guide easy for researchers in all fields of study.
When the North Korean People's Army swept across the 38th parallel, they cut through South Korean and U.S. forces like a hot knife through butter--until they reached the port city of Pusan. There, U.S. forces dug in for a courageous last stand against the enemy--and triumphed in the face of overwhelming odds. Photographs.
When the North Korean People's Army swept across the 38th parallel, they cut through South Korean and U.S. forces like a hot knife through butter--until they reached the port city of Pusan. There, U.S. forces dug in for a courageous last stand against the enemy--and triumphed in the face of overwhelming odds. Photographs.
In the opening campaign of the Korean War, the First Provisional Marine Brigade participated in a massive effort by United States and South Korean forces in 1950 to turn back the North Korean invasion of the Republic of Korea. The brigade’s actions loom large in marine lore. According to most accounts, traditional Marine Corps discipline, training, and fighting spirit saved the day as the marines rescued an unprepared U.S. Eighth Army, which had been pushed back to the “Pusan Perimeter” at the southeastern tip of the Korean peninsula. Historian and retired marine Kenneth W. Estes undertakes a fresh investigation of the marines’ and Eighth Army’s fight for Pusan. Into the Breach at Pusan corrects discrepancies in earlier works (including the official histories) to offer a detailed account of the campaign and place it in historical context. Drawing on combat records, command reports, and biographical materials, Estes describes the mobilization, organization, and operations of First Brigade during the first three months of American participation in the Korean War. Focusing on the battalions, companies, and platoons that faced the hardened soldiers of the North Korean army, he brings the reader directly to the battlefield. The story he reveals there, woven with the voices of soldiers and officers, is one of cooperation rather than interservice rivalry. At the same time, he clarifies differences in the organizational cultures of the U.S. Army and the Marine Corps. Into the Breach at Pusan is scrupulously fair to both the army and the marines. Estes sets the record straight in crediting the Eighth Army with saving itself during the Pusan Perimeter campaign, but he also affirms that the army’s suffering would have been much greater without the crucial, timely performance of the First Provisional Marine Brigade.
"The 5th RCT in Korea; The Pusan Perimeter Battles, 1950." documents the combat operations of the US Army's 5th Infantry Regimental Combat Team from its deployment to the frontlines of the Korean War's Pusan Perimeter Campaign. The 5th RCT reached Korea at the close of July, 1950, just as UN forces were prepared to make their last ditch stand against the Communist invasion of South around the port of Pusan. The 5th was immediately engaged in defensive operations near Masan, engaging in the battle for "Fox Hill" through the first week of August. Thereafter, the RCT participated in the ill-fated "Task Force Kean" counteroffensive, culminating in the disasterous action at "Bloody Gulch" in which the RCT's trains and attached artillery were overrun. The 5th RCT was subsequently reorganized, and with new leadership, conducted a successful defense of positions on Sobuk-San Mountain, the "Battle Mountain," from which they repelled the last efforts of the North Koreans to overwhelm the southern portion of the UN Perimeter. This work is based on the regimental war diary of the 5th RCT, long thought lost by official historians, and contributions by veterans of the actions of this period. The actions of the 5th RCT demonstrate the successful, though difficult and at times bloody, transition of a peacetime military unit into one hardened for combat.
A history of this dramatic and risky amphibious invasion, with photos included. In the previous two volumes in the author’s series on battles of the Korean War, North Korean ground forces, armor and artillery cross the 38th Parallel into South Korea, inflicting successive ignominious defeats on the ill-prepared US-led UN troops, pushing them ever southward into a tiny defensive enclave—the Pusan Perimeter—on the tip of the Korean Peninsula. The story continues as General Douglas MacArthur, Second World War veteran of the South East Asia and Pacific theaters, meets with considerable resistance to his plans for a counteroffensive, from both Washington and his staff in South Korea and Japan: it is typhoon season, the approaches to the South Korean port city of Inch’on are not conducive to amphibious assault, and it will leave the besieged Pusan Perimeter in great danger of being overrun. However, the controversial MacArthur’s obstinate persistence prevails and, with a mere three weeks to go, the US X Corps is activated to execute the invasion on D-Day, September 15, 1950. Elements of the US Marine Corps land successfully on the scheduled day, and with the element of surprise on their side, immediately strike east to Seoul, only fifteen miles away. The next day, General Walker’s Eighth US Army breaks out of Pusan to complete the southerly envelopment of the North Korean forces. Seoul falls on the 25th. MacArthur’s impulsive gamble has paid off, and the South Korean government moves back to their capital. The North Koreans have been driven north of the 38th Parallel, effectively bringing to an end their invasion of the south that started on June 25, 1950. With a timeline and photos included, this book tells the compelling story.
In the first volume in this series on the Korean War, North Korea Invades the South, North Korean ground forces, armor and artillery crossed the 38th Parallel, and, in blitzkrieg style, rolled back UN and South Korean forces down the Korean peninsula. Despite the US and South Korea committing army, air force and navy units, supported by forces from Australia, Britain, New Zealand, France and Canada, by 31 July, eleven enemy divisions were concentrated in a disconnected line from Chŏnju to Yŏngdong. Along the south coast, North Korean divisions pushed eastward towards Masan. To the east and center of the peninsula, the enemy closed in on Kimch'ŏn and the Naktong River line. On the east coast, three North Korean divisions secured the Yŏngdŏk-P'ohang axis, placing them within mortar range of the UN airfield at Yŏnil. Reeling, the UN forces desperately defended the 140-mile-line lodgement area that incorporated the port of Pusan. Supreme commander of UN forces, General Douglas MacArthur, had his back to the sea, facing thirteen enemy infantry divisions, two new tank brigades and an armored division. On 1 September, North Korean forces launched their strongest offensive to date, and in the first two weeks of the month, American casualties became the heaviest of the war. Of particular concern to General Walker was the danger of losing the town of Taegu in the centre. The resultant loss of the strategic Taegu-Pusan railway would be catastrophic. MacArthur and Washington were running out of options, but the Pusan Perimeter had to be defended at all costs.