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This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can usually download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1907 edition. Excerpt: ... phenomena of hypotrophism can acquire sufficient intensity to cause death. The disastrous effects of administering the last sacraments to the sick have been frequently noted, and Haller mentions the case of a man who passing over a grave felt himself held by the foot and died the same day. Phenomena Op The Short Circuit. As in the case of the phenomena of the interrupted circuit, the phenomena of the short circuit can have for their seat: (1) sensorial neurones, (2) mnesic neurones, (3) superior motor neurones, (4) superior trophic neurones. These can be arranged under the following four heads: (1) Hyperesthesias, (2) Hypermnesias, (3) Phenomena of hypertonus, (4) Phenomena of hypertrophism. 1. Hyperesthesias. Hyperesthesia can be established in relation to the object which excites fear. If that object affects vision or hearing, the subject sees or hears only it, and sees or hears it very clearly. Fear magnifies the object. This is also true for the other senses. Those who are subject to excessive fear of pain have hyperalgesia; the extremely fastidious have hypergustativity or hyperosmia; those who are extremely sensitive to touch, who fear the touch of a peach or velvet have hypertactesthesia; people who fear the cold suffer from hypercryesthesia, while those who fear warmth suffer from hyperthermoesthia. 2. Hypermnesias. Memory and imagination, that is to say, the functions by which the memory images arrange and combine themselves, play a considerable role in fear. The child subject to nocturnal fears suddenly awakes, sits up and fixates a point in space. What it is really looking at is a projected image produced by nervous waves emanating from the neurones of the visual centres and pressing upon the neurones of peripheral vision, i....
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Excerpt from The Psychology and Neurology of Fear In another series of experiments 3 these same writers found a few subjects who gave the signal signifying that their emo tion was completed before the vaso-constriction began; more Often the signal was given during the beginning of the con striction, durin the period of descent, and sometimes at the moment when i was at its maximum; always, however, before it was terminated. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
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How do human emotions arise, what functions do they serve, what is their evolutionary background, how do they relate to behaviour and the brain? These questions are put, and answered, in relation to the emotion of fear in this, the second edition of professor Gray's extremely well known book, first published in 1971. In this edition, the text has been extensively modified and brought up-to-date, but the book maintains the style and general argument of the first edition. The author's approach in this book is from a biological standpoint; he emphasises the evidence that has accumulated from experiments by psychologists, ethologists, physiologists and endocrinologists. Although a lot of this evidence has been obtained from animal studies, it throws light on the psychology and physiology of fear in Man. Differences between individuals in their susceptibility to fear are treated with as much attention as the common factors are.
This edition draws on data from the ethology of defense learning theory, anxiety disorders, the psychopharmacology of anti-anxiety drugs and amnesia to present a theory of anxiety and the brain systems, especially the septo-hippocampal system that subserve it.
Each and everyone is feared by some or the other thing in their lives. When a person finds itself in a difficult situation or is threatened by something, then fear is contemplated to be the appropriate response of the body. Fear is an emotion which one feels when he/she experiences or passes through a dangerous situation or through a situation of perceived threat. When the body experiences the feeling or emotion of fear, it responds in two ways: Biochemical Reaction and Emotional Response. Biochemical response of the body is generally referred to as the fight or flight response of the body in which the body prepares itself to either fight with the situation or fly away from the situation. This is considered to be an evolutionary development which is important for our survival. Every individual’s way of physically reacting to fear is more or less the same however the emotional response is contemplated to be a personalized response of the body to fear and hence differs from one individual to another. The subject of Psychology of Fear differentiates fear as conscious, and fear as an unconscious, fear as emotion and fear as a feeling, fear as anxiety and fear in phobias and lastly fear with bodily actions and fear without bodily actions. This is done in order to understand the nature of fear and then take a probable course of action to cure it.
Fear and anxiety play essential roles in almost every person's life. Fear is the belief that something dangerous or unfortunate may happen in the future. Fear and anxiety are regarded to be unpleasant perceptions with few exceptions, such as the pleasure or joy that people may experience from watching horror movies. Fear and anxiety control many people's reactions to many aspects of life. However, it is well known that perceived fear is poorly related to real risks, and that is the case even when a person knows the real risk. Fear consistently overrides and manipulates facts. Fear may help someone avoid making bad or harmful choices, but it may also make people make decisions that are not beneficial. The book was written to promote a balanced understanding of fear and anxiety. The book shows that many lives could have been spared and many people could have been saved from suffering a reduced quality of life by better management of the emotion of fear and anxiety. The first chapter discusses the various definitions of fear and anxiety and how to approach an understanding of fear. Fear is one of the six innate emotions: anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise. The second chapter discusses the variations of the theory of James Lange and the role of various forms of an appraisal. The role of a person's core values is discussed in connection with a person's quality of life. It also discusses the components of a good quality of life and the prerequisite for success in life. The third chapter discusses the neurobiology of emotions. The historical development of the understanding of the function of the "emotional brain" is discussed. How sensory input and memories and imaginations controls fear and anxiety is discussed. The role of the three nuclei of the amygdala in creating the actions caused by emotions, including fear and anxiety, is discussed. The roles of many other brain systems in this complex process are also discussed in this chapter.What specifically happens in the brain when a person experiences fear or anxiety is discussed in the fourth chapter of the book. Many brain systems may be activated, in connection with fear and anxiety. The fifth chapter discusses the neurobiology of threats. What to be afraid of and what not be afraid of is also discussed in this chapter. Fear is a part of the body's alarm system that can warn about the dangers of various kinds that may occur sometime in the future. Signs of danger may come from the outside the body or from the inside the body in the form of symptoms of diseases or signs of a need for fluid (thirst) or nutrition (hunger).The sixth chapter discusses how to minimize the risk of illnesses and other forms of bodily harm, and it discusses what to be afraid of and what not be afraid of. It discusses the benefits of preventive measures such as vaccination and the reasons that these benefits are not fully utilized. Some of the reasons for misuse of medications such as opioids are also discussed in this chapter.