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Excerpt from The Problem of Nationalization The failure of the old motives in the coal industry does not mean its transfer to the control of a Government depart ment. Whatever the merits of that form of government and they are many - the experience of the war is clear that it is unsuited to the special needs an industrial service like the mines will demand. The higher ranks of the Civil Service are largely recruited from Oxford and Cambridge graduates, who pass a rigorous and, on the whole, searching, competitive examination. Such a method of recruitment has produced marvellous results. With all its defects, it gave Great Britain before the war the one Civil Service in the world that was capable of combining efficiency with liberalism. But by the method of its organization it is hierarchical in its nature. It does not therefore breed in its members either the initiative or the flexibility, the sense, in a word, of inventiveness which the conditions of a nationalized industry must demand. Nor would it call into play the creative motive in the mass of the workers which we have now come to realize is essential to industrial well being. The organization we must have in view must proceed upon different lines. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Excerpt from The Triumph of Nationalization It is for the nation gravely to consider whether that which in war magnified its strength and furnished it with the means to endure to the end, is not as indispensable in peace if we are to make the most of the powers we possess. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
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Excerpt from Land Nationalization Ownership involves two distinct rights - By way of further clearing the ground, it is well at once to emphasize an important distinction connected with the right of owner ship, which will have to be more fully considered later on. Behind all the varied forms of ownership there lie two rights - the right to derive a revenue from the land, and the right to determine the use to which the land shall be put. It is mainly on the extent to which these two independent rights are retained in the same hand that the differences in the forms of ownership depend. The farmer Occupying his own freehold enjoys in his own person both rights. The equitable owner of a fully mortgaged estate parts with the revenue of the land, but retains the right of direc tion. The ground landlord of an estate let on building leases gives up the right of direction but retains the revenue. An intermediate type of landlord, in practice very numerous, retains, 'in addition to the revenue, a partial control over his land by letting it for short terms. Three schools of Land Nationalizers. - These varying types of landownership are under present conditions mere matters of convenience determined by private bargaining. But as soon as it is proposed to substitute national for in dividual ownership, the determination of the character of the ownership to be created becomes a question of fundamental importance. Is the State to claim the revenue Of the land alone, or the direction alone, or is it to claim both revenue and direction? The question is variously answered by three schools of social reformers. The school that draws. Its inspiration from the writings of Mr. Henry George is anxious only to secure the revenue of the land. By gradually increasing taxation this school would transfer all land reve nues from the present proprietors to the nation. With the control of the land they would not interfere. Another school of land nationalizers, led by Mr. Alfred Russel Wallace, take exactly the opposite view. In their opinion, to interfere with the monetary rights of the present owners would be unjustifiable all they care about is the power to control the use of the land. This power they would transfer to the State, and at the same time guarantee to the dis possessed landholders a permanent income calculated on their present receipts. Lastly, we have the socialists, who want both the revenue and the control. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Excerpt from Nationalizing America While these awful years belong to history and can never be forgotten, they are not as yet history. Even if their chapters were clear enough for the reading, we cannot be certain what we should learn, or if learning, we would heed. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Excerpt from The Case for Land Nationalisation There is, however, one aspect of the land question to which I wish to call special attention, because it involves matters of principle which should never be lost sight of when proposed reforms are being discussed in Parliament. In his second chapter, entitled "A Cloud of Witnesses" Mr. Hyder has given us a more complete and valuable exposition of the opinions of our greatest lawyers, political writers, and advanced thinkers, as to the actual status and strict limitations of modern land-holders, than any previous writer. These authorities date from Sir Thomas Littleton in the reign of Richard III., through Sir Edward Coke, a contemporary of Shakespeare, Sir William Blackstone in his Commentaries on the Laws of England in the early Georgian era, and a long succession of other authorities down to the present day, including such men as Adam Smith, Paley, Coleridge, J. S. Mill, Ruskin, and Tolstoy, who all declare, in most positive and assured terms, that there is and can be, according to the law and constitution of England enforced by principles of natural justice and morality, no such thing as absolute property in land. And there is really no exception to this general statement - no one great thinker, or writer, or lawyer, or moralist, who can be quoted on the other side. They all maintain that no individual can absolutely own land, and, further, that all the gifts of kings or parliaments cannot alter this great principle of law and natural justice, notwithstanding the claims and usurpations of landlords or the deeds of lawyers which often imply the contrary. Yet, strangely enough, our rulers in Parliament have allowed this wicked and illogical power of unrestricted ownership to be upheld by a body of lawyers and judges who, though they must be familiar with the opinions of the authorities referred to, continually reiterate the contrary. They tell us that there is not one yard of English soil which has not an absolute owner. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Excerpt from Land Nationalization and Land Taxation Three schools of Land Nationalizers. - These varying types of landownership are under present conditions mere matters of convenience determined by private bargaining. But as soon as it is proposed to substitute national for in dividual ownership, the determination of the character of the ownership to be created becomes a question of fundamental importance. Is the State to claim the revenue of the land alone, or the direction alone, or is it to claim both revenue and direction? The question is variously answered by three schools of Social reformers. The school that draws its inspiration from the writings Of Mr. Henry George is anxious only to secure the revenue of the land. By gradually increasing taxation this school would transfer all land reve nues from the present proprietors to the nation. With the control of the land they would not interfere. Another school of land nationalizers, led by Mr. Alfred Russel Wallace, take exactly the opposite view. In their opinion, to interfere with the monetary rights of the present owners would be unjustifiable all they care about is the power to control the use of the land. This power they would transfer to the State, and at the same time guarantee to the dis possessed landholders a permanent income calculated on their present receipts. Lastiv, we have the socialists, who want both the revenue and the control. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Excerpt from Land Nationalisation: The Key to Social Reform The land question is the most important item of any programme of national reform, for the land is the key to social reconstruction, but land questions are difficult to follow and are consequently unpopular. If his views were to find expression, the average man, if buttonholed by an ardent land reformer, would probably say something like this: "Yes, I agree that the question of land reform is of enormous importance; you may be right that the only way out of the difficulties that surround us and the only way of reducing the cost of living is to get more out of the land, and that the only way of getting the most out of the land is far the nation to own it; but to prove that to me you have got to do something more than give me a long string of complaints about the present system. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.