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Drawing on archaeological evidence, Magdalena Midgley explores the cultural and social shifts from the late Mesolithic hunter-gatherers to early farming communities. Emphasizing the importance of ceremonial and monumental landscapes as points of social interaction and the focus of beliefs, she examines the location, construction, internal arrangement, graves and burials, grave goods, human remains, and ritual treatment of the deceased.
Shanidar Cave in the Zagros Mountains, with its 26 burials containing 35 bodies, is the oldest prehistoric site with the longest history of occupation in Iraq'. This volume provides an archaeological overview of the site, which dates to the 11th millennium BC, excavated throughly by Ralph Solecki throughout the 1950s.
The Neolithic Cemetery at Tell el-Kerkh is the second volume of the final reports on the excavations at Tell el-Kerkh, northwest Syria, focusing on the discovery of a Pottery Neolithic cemetery dating between c. 6400 and 6100 BC, one of the oldest outdoor communal cemeteries in West Asia.
A dissertation on the Neolithic to early Iron Age skeletal remains, looking at demographic parameters, at health, status, diet and so forth of the cemetery population and sub-groups attempting to reconstruct aspects of the lifestyle of the deceased and funerary treatment of the dead.
In this fascicule Maureen Alden brings together for the first time all of the evidence, much of it previously unpublished, for the large cemetery which stretched around the citadel hill at Mycenae. The material published here about grave types, burial offerings and the remains of the early Mycenaeans themselves, balances the picture provided by the two outstanding groups of `royal' burials in Grave Circles A and B which form part of the same cemetery.
This volume presents the results of a multidisciplinary research program (“Balkans 4000”) financed by the French National Research Agency (ANR) and coordinated by the editor between 2007 and 2011, when she was a member of the Maison de l’Orient et de la Méditerranée (Laboratory of Archaeology and Archaeometry). 192 new radiocarbon dates have been produced in the laboratories of Lyon, Saclay and Demokritos, from 34 archaeological sites, spanning the years from the end of the 6th to the beginning of the 3rd millennium BC. They shed light on the evolution of human settlement during the late stages of the Neolithic period in Greece and Bulgaria, and more specifically on the transition from the Neolithic to the Early Bronze Age during the “obscure” 4th millennium BC. Thirty-one scholars, archaeologists as well as radiocarbon scientists, are signing the contributions.
Archaeologists excavating burials often find that they are not the first to disturb the remains of the dead. Graves from many periods frequently show signs that others have been digging and have moved or taken away parts of the original funerary assemblage. Displaced bones and artefacts, traces of pits, and damage to tombs or coffins can all provide clues about post-burial activities. The last two decades have seen a rapid rise in interest in the study of post-depositional practices in graves, which has now developed into a new subfield within mortuary archaeology. This follows a long tradition of neglect, with disturbed graves previously regarded as interesting only to the degree they revealed evidence of the original funerary deposit. This book explores past human interactions with mortuary deposits, delving into the different ways graves and human remains were approached by people in the past and the reasons that led to such encounters. The primary focus of the volume is on cases of unexpected interference with individual graves soon after burial: re-encounters with human remains not anticipated by those who performed the funerary rites and constructed the tombs. However, a first step is always to distinguish these from natural and accidental processes, and methodological approaches are a major theme of discussion. Interactions with the remains of the dead are explored in eleven chapters ranging from the New Kingdom of Egypt to Viking Age Norway and from Bronze Age Slovakia to the ancient Maya. Each discusses cases of re-entries into graves, including desecration, tomb re-use, destruction of grave contents, as well as the removal of artefacts and human remains for reasons from material gain to commemoration, symbolic appropriation, ancestral rites, political chicanery, and retrieval of relics. The introduction presents many of the methodological issues which recur throughout the contributions, as this is a developing area with new approaches being applied to analyze post-depositional processes in graves.
A report on the excavations (1962-63) at the Late and Post-Roman site of Cannington in Somerset, on the shores of the Bristol Channel. This comprehensive report includes information on earlier investigations at the site, as well as evidence recovered from earlier periods. The report opens with a discussion of the topography, geology and nature of the site, followed by the excavation methodology. Individual chapters are deal with the Roman inhumation burials from the cemetery, the grave goods, dating and phasing, the biology of the human remains including pathology, health and dentition, physical characteristics and age, sex and mortality profiles. The grave goods and other finds are presented in detail along with illustrations and statistical analysis. The final discussion places the evidence in context and explores the broader significance of the development of the cemetery and grave types.