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Comprises 12 contributions from anthropologists, economists, and labor historians who explore the rise of the global working class in the 19th and 20th centuries. They examine agricultural and industrial laborers in important streams of immigration, including Europeans to the US, Third World workers to Western Europe, Asian workers to Africa, and Mexican migration to the US. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
1. Who are the immigrants? -- 2. Why do people immigrate? -- 3. Does the United States welcome refugees? -- 4. Why can't they just "get legal"? -- 5. Is it easy to be "illegal"? -- 6. Are immigrants hurting our economy? -- 7. Is immigration hurting our health, environment, or culture? -- 8. Are immigrants a threat? -- 9. Enforcement: Is it a solution? -- 10. What about amnesty and "guest worker" programs? -- 11. Why do we jail and deport immigrants? -- 12. Can we open our borders? -- Afterword -- Immigration and the law: a chronology.
International migrants' home countries often play an integral part in protecting their citizens' labor and human rights abroad. At the same time, institutions such as labor unions, worker centers, and legal aid groups are among the most visible actors holding governments of immigrant destinations accountable. Focusing on Mexico and the United States, Scaling Migrant Worker Rights analyzes how these organizations pressure governments to defend migrants. The result is a multilayered picture of the impediments to migrant worker rights and the possibilities for their realization. "Highly original and timely, this book shines a light on underexplored actors in the labor rights and protection enforcement process." -- LEAH F. VOSKO, author of Disrupting Deportability: Transnational Workers Organize "A very robust and nuanced empirical analysis documenting how co-enforcement mechanisms across transnational civil society, consulates, and national governments work to implement existing labor rights protections." -- ALEXANDRA DÉLANO ALONSO, author of Mexico and Its Diaspora in the United States: Policies of Emigration since 1848 "This important and innovative work provides a nuanced, rich, and detailed meso-analysis of institutions and institutional collaboration in Mexico and the US." -- NANCY PLANKEY-VIDELA, author of We Are in This Dance Together: Gender, Power, and Globalization at a Mexican Garment Firm.
More than half of the 41 million foreign-born individuals in the United States today are noncitizens, half have difficulty with English, a quarter are undocumented, and many are poor. As a result, most immigrants have few opportunities to make their voices heard in the political process. Nonprofits in many cities have stepped into this gap to promote the integration of disadvantaged immigrants. They have done so despite notable constraints on their political activities, including limits on their lobbying and partisan electioneering, limited organizational resources, and dependence on government funding. Immigrant rights advocates also operate in a national context focused on immigration enforcement rather than immigrant integration. In Making Immigrant Rights Real, Els de Graauw examines how immigrant-serving nonprofits can make impressive policy gains despite these limitations. Drawing on three case studies of immigrant rights policies—language access, labor rights, and municipal ID cards—in San Francisco, de Graauw develops a tripartite model of advocacy strategies that nonprofits have used to propose, enact, and implement immigrant-friendly policies: administrative advocacy, cross-sectoral and cross-organizational collaborations, and strategic issue framing. The inventive development and deployment of these strategies enabled immigrant-serving nonprofits in San Francisco to secure some remarkable new immigrant rights victories, and de Graauw explores how other cities can learn from their experiences.
In Conflicting Commitments, Shannon Gleeson goes beyond the debate over federal immigration policy to examine the complicated terrain of immigrant worker rights. Federal law requires that basic labor standards apply to all workers, yet this principle clashes with increasingly restrictive immigration laws and creates a confusing bureaucratic terrain for local policymakers and labor advocates. Gleeson examines this issue in two of the largest immigrant gateways in the country: San Jose, California, and Houston, Texas.Conflicting Commitments reveals two cities with very different approaches to addressing the exploitation of immigrant workers—both involving the strategic coordination of a range of bureaucratic brokers, but in strikingly different ways. Drawing on the real life accounts of ordinary workers, federal, state, and local government officials, community organizers, and consular staff, Gleeson argues that local political contexts matter for protecting undocumented workers in particular. Providing a rich description of the bureaucratic minefields of labor law, and the explosive politics of immigrant rights, Gleeson shows how the lessons learned from San Jose and Houston can inform models for upholding labor and human rights in the United States.
This ground-breaking look at contemporary immigrant labor organizing and mobilization draws on participant observation, ethnographic interviews, historical documents, and new case studies of three organizing drives. The expert contributors provide tangible evidence of immigrants' eagerness for collective action and organizing. Parting company with mainstream thinking, they argue lucidly that immigrants' propensity to organize stems from social isolation. Many of the contributors highlight a specific ethnic group and special labor niches, such as the dominance of Punjabi in the New York City taxi industry. Each case study examines efforts beyond the conventional unions to organize the immigrants, such as worker centers and independent syndicalism on the job. An essential text for courses in labor-relations and immigrant studies, the book takes into account the latest debates in the fields of labor studies, urban studies, sociology, and political science.
During the recession (1999-2004), the United States allowed a million people to enter the country to fill highly skilled positions for which, it was said, no skilled American workers could be found. These positions included motel managers, teachers, even an assistant women's volleyball coach! With over 8 million American citizens looking for work, employers felt that they had to go outside the United States to find workers with the skills and qualifications to fill these and dozens of other positions. Did you know that if someone is caught trying to enter the United States with a phony or stolen passport, the passport is returned to that person, who is then released? In Up 2 Cents a Share Down 8 Million Jobs, Dan Geoffrey takes you along on his journey of discovery to learn how immigration has affected not only our nation's jobs, but also our national security.
Among the many challenges that global liberalization has posed for trade unions, the growth of precarious immigrant workforces lacking any collective representation stands out as both a major threat to solidarity and an organizing opportunity. Believing that collective action is critical in the struggle to lift the low wages and working conditions of immigrant workers, the contributors to Mobilizing against Inequality set out to study union strategies toward immigrant workers in four countries: Germany, France, the United Kingdom, and United States. Their research revealed both formidable challenges and inspiring examples of immigrant mobilization that often took shape as innovative social countermovements. Using case studies from a carwash organizing campaign in the United States, a sans papiers movement in France, Justice for Cleaners in the United Kingdom, and integration approaches by the Metalworkers Union in Germany, among others, the authors look at the strategies of unions toward immigrants from a comparative perspective. Although organizers face a different set of obstacles in each country, this book points to common strategies that offer promise for a more dynamic model of unionism is the global North. Visit the website for the book, which features literature reviews, full case studies, updates, and links to related publications at www.mobilizing-against-inequality.info.
Introduction : the tough question -- The rose's sharp thorn : Texas and the rise of unauthorized immigrant education activism -- "A subclass of illiterates" : the presidential politics of unauthorized immigrant education -- "Heading into uncharted waters" : Congress, employer sanctions, and labor rights -- "A riverboat gamble" : the passage of employer sanctions -- "To reward the wrong way is not the American way" : welfare and the battle over immigrants' benefits -- From the border to the heartland : local immigration enforcement and immigrants' rights -- Epilogue
Examining the lives of immigrant workers, both on the job and off.