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In the parliamentary system of government, manifestos constitute and represent an important aspect of the democratic electoral politics as statements of a party’s ideology, response and policy. This book offers an examination of election manifestos of different political parties in India at the national level. It explores the manifesto as an input to the policy process and presents a comparative perspective and understanding on the issues and approaches of the national political parties on key affairs. The book traces the evolution of the electoral system, political parties and party manifestos in India as they emerged and developed over time. It looks at the Statutes of 1909, 1919 and 1935 along with the party manifestos and elections until 1945–46. The author further analyses Constituent Assembly debates on the electoral system and the stances of political parties on national reconstruction through documents from parties, including the Indian National Congress, the Communist Party of India, the Socialist Party, Jana Sangh and the All India Scheduled Castes Federation. Covering manifestos of sixteen Lok Sabha Elections (from the first general election of 1952 to 2014), this book provides a comprehensive overview of how major political parties think on significant social, economic, political, foreign and defence-related issues. It will be useful to scholars and researchers of political science, election studies, modern Indian history, public administration, law and governance, sociology, media and journalism as also to legislators and policymakers.
The political parties are a link between the citizens and the government and give meaning to the electoral process in a democracy. Since independence, political parties in India have been playing an important role in sustaining India’s democracy. A question may, however, be asked ‘how have they fared compared to their counterparts in other democracies?’ A comparison is perhaps possible based on the respective visions of the political parties as reflected in their election manifestoes. The present book examines the vision of political parties with respect to ‘administrative reforms’. Significantly, the two Administrative Reforms Commissions in the past identified a host of areas needing reforms. While a good many of their recommendations have been implemented, a larger number of them have remained unimplemented. ‘Lack of political will’ has often been held responsible for their non-implementation. The book attempts to draw attention to issues relating to administrative reforms at the level of the Central Government, the State Government and the Local Bodies.
An indispensable resource for readers investigating how religion has influenced societies and cultures, this three-volume encyclopedia assesses and synthesizes the many ways in which religious faith has shaped societies from the ancient world to today. Each volume of the set focuses on a different era of world history, ranging through the ancient, medieval, and modern worlds. Every volume is filled with essays that focus on religious themes from different geographical regions. For example, volume one includes essays considering religion in ancient Rome, while volume three features essays focused on religion in modern Africa. This accessible layout makes it easy for readers to learn more about the ways that religion and society have intersected over the centuries, as well as specific religious trends, events, and milestones in a particular era and place in world history. Taken as a a whole, this ambitious and wide-ranging work gathers more than 500 essays from more than 150 scholars who share their expertise and knowledge about religious faiths, tenets, people, places, and events that have influenced the development of civilization over the course of recorded human history.
Under what conditions are some developing countries able to create stable democracies while others have slid into instability and authoritarianism? To address this classic question at the center of policy and academic debates, The Promise of Power investigates a striking puzzle: why, upon the 1947 Partition of British India, was India able to establish a stable democracy while Pakistan created an unstable autocracy? Drawing on interviews, colonial correspondence, and early government records to document the genesis of two of the twentieth century's most celebrated independence movements, Maya Tudor refutes the prevailing notion that a country's democratization prospects can be directly attributed to its levels of economic development or inequality. Instead, she demonstrates that the differential strengths of India's and Pakistan's independence movements directly account for their divergent democratization trajectories. She also establishes that these movements were initially constructed to pursue historically conditioned class interests. By illuminating the source of this enduring contrast, The Promise of Power offers a broad theory of democracy's origins that will interest scholars and students of comparative politics, democratization, state-building, and South Asian political history.
It has been seven decades since the independent state of Pakistan was carved out of British India, yet the country is still in pursuit of a suitable constitutional framework. Over this period of time, no other country has experimented with so many different constitutional forms, from parliamentary democracy to presidential form of government, to outright military regimes. This book analyses constitutional development in Pakistan from its inception to present times. It provides a case-by-case account of constitution-making in Pakistan, with the inclusion of all pertinent documentation. Constitutional developments have been explained in the context of social and political events that shaped them. The book focuses on constitutional and political history, and constitutional development concurrently. It includes a liberal humanitarian reading of the travails of lawmakers and the role of generals, judges, politicians, and bureaucrats in the implementation of law. Students of law, political science, and history, as well as lawyers, judges, and professors will find this book of particular value. Being grounded in a socio-political context, this book is also of interest to the general reader. The third edition is updated to cover the constitutional and political developments up until 2013.
INDEX CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 2 : THE COLONIAL LEGACY CHAPTER 3 : THE NATIONAL MOVEMENT AND ITS LEGACY CHAPTER 4 : THE EVOLUTION OF THE CONSTITUTION AND MAIN PROVISIONS CHAPTER 5 : THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE CONSTITUTION : BASIC FEATURES AND INSTITUTIONS CHAPTER 6 : THE INITIAL YEARS CHAPTER 7 : CONSOLIDATION OF INDIA AS A NATION(I) CHAPTER 8 : CONSOLIDATION OF INDIA AS A NATION (II) : THE LINGUISTIC REORGANISATION OF THE STATES CHAPTER 9 : CONSOLIDATION OF INDIA AS A NATION (III): INTEGRATION OF THE TRIBALS CHAPTER 10 : CONSOLIDATION OF INDIA AS A NATION(IV) : REGIONALISM AND REGIONAL INEQUALITY CHAPTER 11 : THE YEARS OF HOPE AND ACHIEVEMENT, 1951–1964 CHAPTER 12 : FOREIGN POLICY : THE NEHRU ERA CHAPTER 13 : JAWAHARLAL NEHRU IN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE CHAPTER 14 : POLITICAL PARTIES, 1947–1964: THE CONGRESS CHAPTER 15 : POLITICAL PARTIES,1947–1965: THE OPPOSITION CHAPTER 16 : FROM SHASTRI TO INDIRA GANDHI,1964–1969 CHAPTER 17 : THE INDIRA YEARS, 1969–1973 CHAPTER 18 : THE JP MOVEMENT AND THE EMERGENCY : INDIAN DEMOCRACY TESTED CHAPTER 19 : THE JANATA INTERREGNUM AND INDIRA GANDHI’S SECOND COMING, 1977–1984 CHAPTER 20 : THE RAJIV YEARS CHAPTER 21 : RUN-UP TO THE NEW MILLENNIUM AND AFTER CHAPTER 22: POLITICS IN THE STATES (I): TAMIL NADU, ANDHRA PRADESH AND ASSAM CHAPTER 23 : POLITICS IN THE STATES (II): WEST BENGAL AND JAMMU AND KASHMIR CHAPTER 24 : THE PUNJAB CRISIS CHAPTER 25 : INDIAN ECONOMY, 1947–1965: THE NEHRUVIAN LEGACY CHAPTER 26 : INDIAN ECONOMY, 1965–1991 CHAPTER 27 : ECONOMIC REFORMS SINCE 1991 CHAPTER 28 : THE INDIAN ECONOMY IN THE NEW MILLENNIUM CHAPTER 29 : LAND REFORMS (I): COLONIAL IMPACT AND THE LEGACY OF THE NATIONAL AND PEASANT MOVEMENTS CHAPTER 30 : LAND REFORMS(II): ZAMINDARI ABOLITION AND TENANCY REFORMS CHAPTER 31 : LAND REFORMS (III): CEILING AND THE BHOODAN MOVEMENT CHAPTER 32 : COOPERATIVES AND AN OVERVIEW OF LAND REFORMS CHAPTER 33 :AGRICULTURAL GROWTH AND THE GREEN REVOLUTION CHAPTER 34 : AGRARIAN STRUGGLES SINCE INDEPENDENCE CHAPTER 35 : REVIVAL AND GROWTH OF COMMUNALISM CHAPTER 36: COMMUNALISM AND THE USE OF THE STATE POWER CHAPTER 37 : CASTE, UNTOUCHABILITY, ANTI-CASTE POLITICS AND STRATEGIES CHAPTER 38: INDIAN WOMEN SINCE INDEPENDENCE CHAPTER 39 : POST-COLONIAL INDIAN STATE AND THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF DEVELOPMENT: AN OVERVIEW CHAPTER 40 : DISARRAY IN INSTITUTIONS OF GOVERNANCE CHAPTER 41 : DAWN OF THE NEW MILLENNIUM: ACHIEVEMENTS, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS
Designed as a standard text for undergraduate and postgraduate students of Political Science and also for the aspirants of Civil Services Examinations, the third edition of the book provides a thoroughly updated account of Indian politics, taking into consideration the Indian constitutional foundations and functioning of the various democratic institutions. It gives a holistic view of the political system of India that includes the State, Government (both central and state governments), the market, and the civil society, including infrastructures like the party systems in the nation and the states that are partly in the civil society and partly in the state. NEW TO THIS EDITION • All new developments in the working of the institutions of the various organs of the governments at the Union, State, and local levels in their internal as well as interactional settings. • Perspective of governance that demands attention to relationships among the governments, the civil society, and the market which have acquired a new salience since the parameter-altering economic reforms in 1991 but have suffered some reverses since 2008, a phenomenon known as slowbalization or deglobalization. • New phase in Indian politics with Narendra Modi government at the centre since 2014. TARGET AUDIENCE • B.A. (Political Science) • M.A. (Political Science) • Aspirants of Civil Services Examinations
2022-23 IAS/PCS General Studies Vol.1 India Polity & Constitution Chapter-wise Solved Papers
The Archives of the All-India Muslim League and other contemporary sources have been used in this comprehensive study of the Party that led the movement for the creation of Pakistan. The book encompasses the organizational structure of the All-India Muslim League, its financial and propaganda resources, its mobilization strategies, and different aspects of its struggle. Dr Afzal presents the account in a simple and lucid style. It is indispensable reading for anyone who wishes to understand the dynamics of the pre- and post-Independence history and politics of Pakistan, Bangladesh and India.