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Excerpt from The Place-Names of Northumberland and Durham The study of English place-names is steadily advancing- in its methods and extent and in the present volume an attempt is made to deal with two more counties. Work on them has taken much the greater part of eight years, sadly interrupted by the war and other circumstances. These interruptions have had their bad influence in making it more difficult than usual to secure that uniformity of handling and presentation which is desirable in a theme of this kind. On the other hand, they have enabled the author to take advantage of the ever-growing literature - English and Scandinavian - that deals with these matters. As one reads it, the unhappy conviction is more and more brought home to one that no single county can be dealt with satisfactorily apart from a survey of the field of English place-nomenclature as a whole. In the disorganised condition of English place-name study it is impossible to look for those happy results that have already been attained in Norway, and are fast becoming possible in Sweden and Denmark, as the result of organised research, aided by the State. Those who recognise the importance of these studies must labour to secure similar co-operation in England, and, in the meantime, endeavour to keep interest alive by such single-handed efforts as they can individually make. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Northumbria is home to the loneliest stretches of moorland and coast in the country. The region has much to offer the nature lover, walking enthusiast, history buff, gastronome and gardener: rare wildlife, Georgian architecture, the Pennine hills, Hadrian's Wall, Alnwick Gardens and Alnwick Castle, featured in the Harry Potter films. Gemma Hall shares her love of Northumberland, Durham and Tyneside, guiding visitors through historic towns, cities and villages; across the Cheviot Hills and along Northumberland's Heritage Coast; to outdoor swimming spots, high altitude flower meadows and the wooded gorges of the Durham coast.
The last half century has seen many studies of the origin of the English village. As a cross-disciplinary enquiry this book integrates materials from geography, history, economic history, archaeology, place-name studies, anthropology and even church architecture. These provide varied foundations, but the underlying subject matter always engages with landscape studies. Beginning with a rigorous examination of evidence hidden within the surviving village and hamlet plans seen on eighteenth and nineteenth century maps, the first half of the book shows how these can be classified, mapped, analysed and then interpreted as important parts of former medieval landscapes. Many specific case-studies are built into the argument, all being drawn from the author's lifetime work on northern England, and accessible language is employed. From this base, the argument develops, with the objective of integrating landscape studies with the descriptive and analytical practices of history, and drawing these together by using the cartographic methods of historical geography. This foundation leads gently into deeper waters; to the landed estates in which all settlements developed and the farming and social systems of which they were a part; to the land holding arrangements that were integrated into the physical plans, providing methods of sharing out the agricultural resources of arable, meadow, woodland and common grazings; and finally to the social divisions present within a changing society. A wholly new theme is found in the argument that certain types of land tenure were associated with a class of officer, land agent or dreng , who in northern England was often linked with the provision of tenants for new villages. It is clear from the evidence amassed that the deliberate founding of new villages and the establishment of new plans on older sites was taking place in the centuries between about AD 900 and 1250. Finally, the study moves beyond the North of England to review the European roots of planned villages and hamlets, and concludes with a challenging hypothesis about their origin in the whole of England. This provides pointers towards future enquiry.
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