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This book attempts to show how development discourse -- while extremely powerful in legitimizing the actions of experts -- is appropriated, transmuted and (re)deployed by different groups of actors including administrators, farmers and field-level workers. How does a social worker from the land reform institute deal with a peasant leader who blames him, as a representative of the state, because the development programme he has helped to initiate has led to debts among a majority of the would-be beneficiaries? How does a settler convince a credit assistant that the loss of his maize harvest was due to heavy rains and not because he spent his credit on consumer goods or in the local canteen? It is argued that such issues are not trivial and instead raise important theoretical questions about the relationship between development thinking, institutional practices of social control and peasant strategies of accommodation and resistance.
An integrated analysis exploring current and relevant concepts, Fundamentals of Ecotoxicology: The Science of Pollution, Fourth Edition extends the dialogue further from the previous editions and beyond conventional ecosystems. It explores landscape, regional, and biospheric topics, communicating core concepts with subjects ranging from molecular t
This book reflects the results of more than ten years of cooperative research involving Wageningen Agricultural University (y. l AU) in the Netherlands, the Tropical Agricultural Research and Higher Education Center (CATIE; Centro Agron6mico Tropical de lnvestigaci6n y Ensefianza) in Costa Rica and the Costa Rican Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock (MAG; Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadeda) as part of the Research Program on Sustainability in Agriculture (REPOSA) in the Central American country. The type of cooperation was unusual as it focused on both research and the education of students undertaking either M. Sc. thesis projects or a program of practical training in the various aspects of studying land use. Since funding was provided by W AU, a high degree of scientific autonomy was created that has clearly benefited the independent, scientific rigor of the work. Over the ten-year period, the program has changed from being a patchwork of various insulated specialist projects, into a truly interdisciplinary effort, leading to the development of innovative tools for analyzing land use on a number of geographical scales. These tools are presented in this book. Besides CATIE and MAG, cooperation with other Costa Rican partner institutions has been essential from the beginning, and this process of interaction has also evolved considerably over time.