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Spanning static fields to terahertz waves, this volume explores the range of consequences electromagnetic fields have on the human body. Topics discussed include essential interactions and field coupling phenomena; electric field interactions in cells, focusing on ultrashort, pulsed high-intensity fields; dosimetry or coupling of ELF fields into biological systems; and the historical developments and recent trends in numerical dosimetry. It also discusses mobile communication devices and the dosimetry of RF radiation into the human body, exposure and dosimetry associated with MRI and spectroscopy, and available data on the interaction of terahertz radiation with biological tissues, cells, organelles, and molecules.
Ever since the early 1940's, electromagnetic energy in the nonionizing spectrum has contributed to the enhanced quality of life in a variety of ways. Aside from their well-known roles in communication, entertainment, industry and science, electromagnetic energy has come into wide spread use in biology and medicine. In addition to the intended purposes, these energies produce other effects which have been shown to influence the life processes of living organisms. It is noteworthy that these energies are not only harmless in ordinary quantities but are actually necessary for modern life, indeed without which life as we know it would be impossible. The purpose of this book is to present a succinct summary of the interaction of electromagnetic fields and waves with biological systems as they are now known. The subject matter is interdisciplinary and is based primarily on presentations scheduled for a joint symposium at the XXII General Assembly of the International Union of Radio Science, held in Tel Aviv, Israel from Tuesday, August 25 to Wednesday, September 2, 1987. The symposium was jointly sponsored by the Bioelectromagnetics Society in cooperation with the International Radiation Protection Association. The choice of topics was made to facilitate the application and to stimulate the use of nonioni zing electromagnetic energy in biology and medicine, and to increase the awareness and to promote the consideration of radiation safety by electrical engineers and experimental physicists.
The objective of this book is to provide a unifying approach to the study of biophysical chemistry for the advanced undergraduate who has had a year of physics, organic chem istry, calculus, and biology. This book began as a revised edition of Biophysical Chemistry: Molecules to Membranes, which Elizabeth Simons and I coauthored. That short volume was written in an attempt to provide a concise text for a one-semester course in biophysical chemistry at the graduate level. The experience of teaching biophysical chemistry to bi ologically oriented students over the last decade has made it clear that the subject requires a more fundamental text that unifies the many threads of modem science: physics, chem istry, biology, mathematics, and statistics. This book represents that effort. This volume is not a treatment of modem biophysical chemistry with its rich history and many contro versies, although a book on that topic is also needed. The Physical Basis of Biochemistry is an introduction to the philosophy and practice of an interdisciplinary field in which biological systems are explored using the quantitative perspective of the physical scientist. I have three primary objectives in this volume: one, to provide a unifying picture of the interdisciplinary threads from which the tapestry of biophysical studies is woven; two, to provide an insight into the power of the modeling approach to scientific investigation; and three, to communicate a sense of excitement for the activity and wholesome argument that characterize this field of study.
A broad region of the electromagnetic spectrum long assumed to have no influence on living systems under natural conditions has been critically re-examinjld over the past decade. This spectral region extends from the superhigh radio frequencies, through de creasing frequencies, to and including essentially static electric and magnetic fields. The author of this monograph, A. S. Presman, has reviewed not only the extensive Russian literatur!;"l, but also al most equally comprehensively the non-Russian literature, dealing with biological influences of these fields. Treated also is literature shedding some light on possible theoretical foundations for these phenomena. A substantial, rapidly increaSing number of studies in many laboratories and countries has now clearly established bio logical influences which are independent of the theoretically pre dictable, simple thermal effects. Indeed many of the effects are produced by field strengths very close to those within the natural environment. The author has, even more importantly, set forth a novel, imaginative general hypothesis in which it is postulated that such electromagnetic fields normally serve as conveyors of information from the environment to the organism, within the organism, and among organisms. He postulates that in the course of evolution or ganisms have come to employ these fields in conjunction with the well-known sensory, nervous, and endocrine systems in effecting coordination and integration.
In this book, the authors gather and present current research in the study of the principles, engineering applications and biophysical effects of electromagnetic fields. Topics discussed include the thermodynamics of surface electromagnetic waves; exposure to magnetic fields produced by power lines; microwave heating for metallurgical engineering; the effect of electromagnetic fields exposure on cytokines production; high frequency induction heating for high quality injection moulding; electromagnetic techniques for non-invasive detection of malignancies in biological tissue; the entropy production rate in a cell under electromagnetic field; studies of cerebral activity in humans and in animal models after exposure to modulated radio frequency of mobile phones; electromagnetic induction data sets in archaeology; and single and two-photon interactions of radiators with electromagnetic bath.
The first edition of this book has been recognized as the standard reference on biological effects of electric and magnetic fields from DC to microwaves. But much has changed in this science since the book's original publication in 1986. With contributions from eighteen leading researchers, this latest edition includes authoritative discussions of many new developments and will quickly become the new, must-have resource handbook. Dielectric properties of biological tissue are thoroughly examined, followed by chapters on physical mechanisms and biological effects of static and extremely low frequency magnetic fields. New chapters on topics that were treated very briefly in the first edition now receive extensive treatment. These topics include electric and magnetic fields for bone and soft tissue repair, electroporation, and epidemiology of ELF health effects. The chapter on computer methods for predicting field intensity has been substantially revised to describe new numerical techniques developed within the last few years and includes calculations of power absorbed in the human head from cellular telephones. The chapter discussing experimental results on RF interaction with living matter now contains information on effects of very high power, very short duration pulses. A new appendix on safety standards is based on the latest publications of governmental, as well as quasi-governmental organizations (such as the U.S. Council on Radiation Protection) in the United States, Europe, and Australia. With all its revisions, this updated version of the CRC Handbook of Biological Effects of Electromagnetic Fields provides the most comprehensive overview available of this rapidly changing science.
Lists citations with abstracts for aerospace related reports obtained from world wide sources and announces documents that have recently been entered into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information Database.