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The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is one of the world’s major oil-producing countries. A member of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) and of the Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC), the UAE has estimated recoverable oil reserves of around 97 billion barrels, of which the emirate of Abu Dhabi alone accounts for around 92.2 billion barrels. The petroleum experience of Abu Dhabi has been varied and extensive. Over the years, the structure of the industry has slowly developed, from the original concession arrangements through to the establishment of the Abu Dhabi National Oil Company (ADNOC) and its subsidiaries. During this transformation of the industry in Abu Dhabi, the legal framework governing the development of petroleum resources in the emirate has evolved, as has the tax system applicable to operating companies, the means of dispute resolution, and the overall organizational structure of the industry. Of the seven emirates comprising the UAE, Abu Dhabi possesses the largest oil and gas reserves and is the principal producer. Despite periodic discoveries in the smaller emirates, Abu Dhabi will continue to dominate the oil scene in the UAE in terms of production and reserves. The emirate is continuing to make new finds, is discovering new structures in existing fields and has the ability to sustain relatively high levels of long-term production at its old fields by using improved recovery techniques. At the 2004 rate of production of 1,955,000 barrels per day (bpd), Abu Dhabi oil reserves give the emirate a reserve production ratio of 129 years. In 2005, Abu Dhabi stepped up its crude oil output to 2.24 million barrels per day (mbpd), not counting some 250,000 bpd of condensate. The gas reserves of Abu Dhabi are presently estimated at 198.5 trillion cubic feet (tcf). The structure of the Abu Dhabi oil industry is built around the Abu Dhabi National Oil Company (ADNOC). Since its establishment in 1971, ADNOC has rapidly assumed the role of a link between government institutions – which establish petroleum policy – and the operating companies that are responsible for executing approved projects. ADNOC is entrusted with the implementation of all aspects of the oil policy of the emirate of Abu Dhabi. Owing to the growing importance of gas as a source of energy, natural gas production and processing facilities continue to expand rapidly in Abu Dhabi. The emirate already possesses one of the world’s largest non-associated gas reservoirs in the Khuff formation beneath the Umm Shaif oil field. In addition, onshore and offshore associated and non-associated gas fields are being developed to meet rising domestic demand and provide feedstock for export projects. Major programs are currently being implemented in Abu Dhabi to expand gas recovery, processing, liquefaction and export capacities. Furthermore, a number of new discoveries have been made in recent years of both associated and non-associated gas, boosting the emirate’s reserves substantially. ADNOC has proved that it is capable of taking positive initiatives, is open to new concepts and technological innovations and has introduced many changes in its different operations and activities. ADNOC can be expected to continue making successive improvements to its operations and to successfully ride the new trends in the oil industry.
The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is one of the world’s major oil-producing countries. A member of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) and of the Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC), the UAE has estimated recoverable oil reserves of around 97 billion barrels, of which the emirate of Abu Dhabi alone accounts for around 92.2 billion barrels. The petroleum experience of Abu Dhabi has been varied and extensive. The structure of the industry has developed from the original concession arrangements through to the establishment of the Abu Dhabi National Oil Company (ADNOC) in 1971 and its subsidiaries. During this transformation of the industry in Abu Dhabi, the legal framework governing the development of petroleum resources in the emirate has evolved, as has the tax system applicable to operating companies, the means of dispute resolution, and the overall organizational structure of the industry. The structure of the Abu Dhabi oil industry is built around the Abu Dhabi National Oil Company (ADNOC), which has rapidly assumed the role of a link between government institutions--which establish petroleum policy--and the operating companies that are responsible for executing approved projects. ADNOC is responsible for the implementation of all aspects of the oil policy of the emirate of Abu Dhabi. As the principal producer of oil and gas in the UAE, ADNOC’s position in the industry is central. Atef Suleiman is uniquely qualified to assess the role of ADNOC, and he here examines the nature of its operations, and explores its ability to innovate and develop in order to successfully ride the new trends in the oil industry.
This book aims to tell the Abu Dhabi story in economic development, from its past dominance in oil to its economic vision for the future. More than being an exemplar of industrial restructuring and diversification from a resource-based to a 21st century knowledge-based economy and society, Abu Dhabi emphasises its cultural legacy and tradition as an environmental advocate for green and sustainable pathways. It has as many challenges as creative responses to show that its success is not by wealth alone. This case study unveils Abu Dhabi in particular and the rest of Arabic and GCC economic development in general. They have all attracted foreign investment and global business, typically as hydrocarbon-rich resource economies. Beyond that, the geoeconomics and geopolitics of the Middle East and North Africa, with or without the Arab Spring in 2011 is in and of itself, a rich region for multidisciplinary studies and research, not just for economics and business. With Qatar, Abu Dhabi boasts of one of the highest per capita income in the world; therein lies a reason to enquire about its success and pivotal role in the GCC and global contexts.
Ownership and Control of Oil examines government decisions about how much control to exert over the petroleum industry, focusing on the role of National Oil Companies in the production of crude oil since the nationalizations in the 1970s. What are the motives for which some producing states opt for less and NOT more control of their oil production sector? When can International Oil Companies enter the upstream industry of producing states and under what conditions? The diversity of policy choices across producers provides the stage for this investigation: different theoretical explanations are confronted, with the empirical evidence, with the aim of finally proposing an interdisciplinary framework of analysis to explain who controls oil production around the world. This book is intended for both specialists and general readers who have an interest in the issue of government control of the petroleum industry. Due to its multidisciplinary approach, the book is aimed at a large academic public composed of scholars of Political Science, International Political Economy, Comparative Politics, and Middle East Area Studies. Moreover, this book should be relevant to international consultants, industry professionals and decision-makers in countries assessing their experience with existing control structures as well as the many countries in the process of joining the ‘petroleum club’ of oil producing nations.
Explores how dictators maintain their grip on power by seizing control of oil, metals, and minerals production.
How are authority and influence accumulated and wielded across the six Gulf states? Mixing theoretical and empirical insights, and utilising both historical and contemporary examples, this book offers a comparative analysis of military, political, economic and religious power in Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the UAE, as well as of the power of narrative. While many volumes examine each of these states individually, Centers of Power in the Arab Gulf States assesses the Arabian Peninsula as a whole, filling a significant gap in the literature. It surveys the myriad factors which have influenced the emergence of these states, societies and political economies, which have become increasingly assertive actors in today's global order. Exploring domestic, regional and transnational pressures, Kristian Coates Ulrichsen sheds light on the varying concepts of power and authority, the different forms they take, the ways they are projected, and the practical constraints on their exercise. From whom does power derive? Is it something different from influence and ambition? Is decision-making top-down or bottom-up, or a mixture of both? From bureaucrats to scholars, and from royals to opposition figures, Coates Ulrichsen uncovers the power relations shaping the Gulf today.
Abu Dhabi is a new economic superpower that will soon wield enormous influence across both developing and developed worlds. The principal emirate of the United Arab Emirates federation commands over 8 percent of global oil reserves, has nearly $1 trillion in sovereign wealth funds to invest and is busily implementing a thoughtful economic master plan. It has also pumped huge amounts of money into culture, sport and infrastructural development in an attempt to eclipse even its ubiquitous UAE partner-Dubai-as an international household name. Abu Dhabi will host the Formula One Championship decider in 2009, is opening the world's first Ferrari theme park, has a rapidly expanding airline and is setting up satellite branches of the Guggenheim and Louvre museums. Gulf expert Christopher Davidson's book charts the emirate's remarkable trajectory from its origins as an eighteenth-century sheikdom to its present position on the cusp of preeminence. Abu Dhabi's impressive socio-economic development, he offers a frank portrayal of a dynasty's dramatic survival, demonstrating the newfound resilience of a traditional monarchy in the twenty-first century and its efforts to create a system of 'tribal capitalism' that incorporates old political allegiances into modern engines of growth. Finally, he turns his attention to a number of problems that may surface to impede economic development and undermine political stability. These include an enfeebled civil society and invasive media censorship, a seemingly unsolvable labor nationalization paradox, an under performing education sector, and increasing federal unrest.
Asian cities create concomitant imagery - polarizations of poverty and wealth, blurry lines between formality and informality, and stark juxtapositions of ancient historic places with shimmering new skylines. With Asia's re-emergence on the global stage, there is an acute focus on its multifarious urban issues and identities: What are Asian cities going to become? Will they surpass the economic and environmental debacles of the West? This collection of twenty-four essays surveys the most dominant issues shaping the Asian urban landscape today. It offers scholarly reflections and positions on the forces shaping Asian cities, and the forces that they in turn are shaping.