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This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can usually download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1879 edition. Excerpt: ... IV. MR. HERBERT SPENCER'S THEORY OF THE NATURE AND PERCEPTION OF SPACE. The theory of Space-perception advocated by Mr. Herbert Spencer is the same, in its fundamental principles, as that of Prof. Bain. There exist, however, with this fundamental agreement, some important differences between the views of these two philosophers regarding both the cognition of space and the nature of space, the chief of which we shall first briefly consider. The first leading difference pertains to the nature of space. Prof. Bain, as we have seen, is an absolute idealist. Space, in his view, is a compound of muscular and tactual sensations (the muscular being by far the principal element), and has no existence separate from, and independent of, these sensations. Mr. Spencer, on the other hand, holds to a form of realism, which he names "transfigured realism." According to this, space is an entity external to, and independent of, the mind. Our knowledge of space, however, is only relative. As cognized by us, space is a "relative reality," having no resemblance to absolute space or to space as it exists in itself. The chief problem with Mr. Spencer, therefore, is not, so much as with Prof. Bain, to show how we construct space, but to show how we cognize it considered as an objective entity or a mode of objective existence. The second chief difference has reference to the mode or means of cognizing space. Prof. Bain holds that the experience of the individual, from birth to maturity, is sufficient to account for all the knowledge of space acquired by any one. Mr. Spencer, on the contrary, contends that this is not sufficient, and that our knowledge of space is the result of both our own experience and the experience of our ancestry organized and transmitted...
During the past 25 years, the field of space and motion perception has rapidly advanced. Once thought to be distinct perceptual modes, space and motion are now thought to be closely linked. Perception of Space andMotion provides a comprehensive review of perception and vision research literature, including new developments in the use of sound and touch in perceiving space and motion. Other topics include the perception of structure from motion, spatial layout,and information obtained in static and dynamic stimulation. Spatial layoutStructure from motionInformation on static and dynamic stimulation (visual, acoustic, and haptic)
Brings together cutting edge experiments and theoretical treatments regarding space, time and motion in visual neuroscience and psychophysics.
Considering the special mechanics of a granular space, the theory of relativity must be reformulated to include the absolute frames or references and to describe the real perception of various observers on a body in motion. As the same mechanics established the laws of physics and allowed the primordial matter to self-organize and create increasingly larger cosmic formations, new explanations can now be given, shedding light on the formation and evolution of our universe and elucidating the mysteries of dark matter and dark energy. Moreover, the granular model can also help us to find out if a certain physical quantity is continuous or discrete at different dimensional scales.
Matter and Memory presents an analysis of the classical philosophical problems concerning this relation. Within that frame the analysis of memory serves the purpose of clarifying the problem. Matter and Memory was written in reaction to the book The Maladies of Memory by Théodule Ribot, which appeared in 1881. Ribot claimed that the findings of brain science proved that memory is lodged within a particular part of the nervous system; localized within the brain and thus being of a material nature. Bergson was opposed to this reduction of spirit to matter. Defending a clear anti-reductionist position, he considered memory to be of a deeply spiritual nature, the brain serving the need of orienting present action by inserting relevant memories. The brain thus being of a practical nature, certain lesions tend to perturb this practical function, but without erasing memory as such. The memories are, instead, simply not 'incarnated', and cannot serve their purpose.
The Sense of Space brings together space and body to show that space is a plastic environment, charged with meaning, that reflects the distinctive character of human embodiment in the full range of its moving, perceptual, emotional, expressive, developmental, and social capacities. Drawing on the philosophies of Merleau-Ponty and Bergson, as well as contemporary psychology to develop a renewed account of the moving, perceiving body, the book suggests that our sense of space ultimately reflects our ethical relations to other people and to the places we inhabit.