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Newly revised and updated with over 400 new entries, The Penguin Dictionary of Physical Geography remains the standard reference work on the subject. Now including all the latest trends and techniques, this is the ideal companion both for school and college students and for the general reader.
The third edition of this comprehensive encyclopedic dictionary covers the whole field of physical geography and provides an essential reference for all students and lecturers in this field.
Terms drawn from a host of different topics - the economics of trade and industry, politics and sociology, the environment and land use, planning and management - are used constantly by human geographers. This reference book provides definitions of all such terms (as well as certain historical usages still to be found in important sources) and explains the invaluable mathematical and statistical techniques that have revolutionized all the human sciences.
The Penguin Dictionary of Geography has been expanded and revised and contains some 750 new entries to take into account developments in all areas of the subject. It now includes an explanation of terms connected with all aspects of the environment, natural and social; recent concepts in the field such as feminist geography, sustainability, uneven development and globalization; foreign and American terms; succinct, clear definitions of natural phenomena; sociological terminology; explanations of terms relating to climatology, ecology, economics, geology, remote sensing and statistics.
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This fully-revised comprehensive fourth edition covers the whole field of physical geography including climate and atmosphere, geomorphology, biogeography, hydrology, oceans, Quaternary, environmental change, soils, remote sensing and GIS. This new edition reflects developments in the discipline during the last decade, with the expert advisory group providing an international perspective on the discipline of physical geography. Over 2000 entries that are self-contained or cross-referenced include 200 that are new to this edition, over 400 that are rewritten and updated, and new supporting references and additional recommended reading in many others. Entries removed from the last edition are available in the online resource. This volume is the essential reference point for students of physical geography and related environmental disciplines, lecturers and interested individuals alike.
A definitive guide to the depth and breadth of the ecological sciences, revised and updated The revised and updated fifth edition of Ecology: From Individuals to Ecosystems – now in full colour – offers students and practitioners a review of the ecological sciences. The previous editions of this book earned the authors the prestigious ‘Exceptional Life-time Achievement Award’ of the British Ecological Society – the aim for the fifth edition is not only to maintain standards but indeed to enhance its coverage of Ecology. In the first edition, 34 years ago, it seemed acceptable for ecologists to hold a comfortable, objective, not to say aloof position, from which the ecological communities around us were simply material for which we sought a scientific understanding. Now, we must accept the immediacy of the many environmental problems that threaten us and the responsibility of ecologists to play their full part in addressing these problems. This fifth edition addresses this challenge, with several chapters devoted entirely to applied topics, and examples of how ecological principles have been applied to problems facing us highlighted throughout the remaining nineteen chapters. Nonetheless, the authors remain wedded to the belief that environmental action can only ever be as sound as the ecological principles on which it is based. Hence, while trying harder than ever to help improve preparedness for addressing the environmental problems of the years ahead, the book remains, in its essence, an exposition of the science of ecology. This new edition incorporates the results from more than a thousand recent studies into a fully up-to-date text. Written for students of ecology, researchers and practitioners, the fifth edition of Ecology: From Individuals to Ecosystems is anessential reference to all aspects of ecology and addresses environmental problems of the future.
Geography is a system of highly developed sciences about the environment. Geographical science embracing the study of the Earth's physical phenomena, people and their economic activities has always been in need of an extensive terminology. Geographical terms are related to the terms of natural sciences (physics, chemistry, biology, geology, etc.) and humanities (history, economics, sociology, etc.) since geography is based on these fundamental subjects. Geography includes a number of disciplines and subdivisions which appeared along with the development of the science In spite of being very different geographical disciplines have some common tools of investigation which is maps, comparative method of exploration, remote sensing, geoinformation systems. Today very well developed terminologies of all the specialist fields of geography and related subjects exist in the main world languages. However, they are not always well-correlated. Nowadays geographical terminology requires unification and international correlation more than ever before. Hence the idea of compiling a multilingual polydisciplinary dictionary. The Dictionary consists of the basic table of terms arranged according to the order of the English alphabet with each term numbered. Each entry consists of the term in English and its equivalents in Russian, French, German, Spanish. Short definitions of terms are given in English and in Russian. The terms are supplied with the necessary grammar labels, such as gender of nouns, plural number, etc. The Dictionary combines two functions: that of a defining dictionary and that of a bilingual dictionary. These two functions are basically contradictory because usually the defining dictionary is aimed at giving one meaning of the word which is the main and essential one, while the bilingual dictionary tries to give different equivalents of a given word in the other language in order to supply the user with maximum possible translations, differing in the shades of meanings, thus giving him the possibility to choose the appropriate word. But in our Dictionary we intentionally decided to combine the two functions – defining and multilingual, because a short definition of the term and equivalents in other languages help to achieve our main aim which consists in showing the basic geographical terminology and harmonizing it in several languages. Having this into consideration we deliberately mixed two types of dictionaries in one. - Organized alphabetically via English - Provides short definition of geographical terms in English and Russian - Includes multilingual translation of terms from English to Russian, French, German, Spanish
A world of information awaits in this engaging illustrated dictionary for kids! Featuring over 35,000 entries and more than 3,000 full-color photographs and illustrations, this children’s dictionary makes learning new words fun! Created by the renowned language experts at Merriam-Webster, this English dictionary for kids ages 7-9 includes: • Reference section with continent maps and information, world flags, U.S. state information and flags, and a full list of U.S. presidents and vice-presidents • Synonym and Word History boxes that highlight particular characteristics and meanings of words • Maps that include new countries, borders and cities • Clear definitions written for young readers are combined with full-color images, enhancing the learning experience Featuring a fresh design with color-coded page borders for each letter of the alphabet, and modern photographs and illustrations that give a lively, accessible look at the entries, this junior dictionary is the ultimate school project companion! Each entry is fully explained with its definition, usage, examples, and notes on spelling and punctuation. Word senses have been refreshed to reflect modern usage, and maps and country statistics have been updated to include new countries, cities, borders and flags. Whether at home or in school, Merriam-Webster Children's Dictionary is an indispensable reference resource for children to have on hand as they work through school assignments and learn important research skills.