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This book is your ultimate PCI Express resource. Here you will find the most up-to-date information, facts, quotes and much more. In easy to read chapters, with extensive references and links to get you to know all there is to know about PCI Express's whole picture right away. Get countless PCI Express facts right at your fingertips with this essential resource. The PCI Express Handbook is the single and largest PCI Express reference book. This compendium of information is the authoritative source for all your entertainment, reference, and learning needs. It will be your go-to source for any PCI Express questions. A mind-tickling encyclopedia on PCI Express, a treat in its entirety and an oasis of learning about what you don't yet know...but are glad you found. The PCI Express Handbook will answer all of your needs, and much more.
A really wonderful PCI Express book! PCI Express (Peripheral Component Interconnect Express), formally shortened as PCIe, is a high-speed sequential computer growth bus normal developed to substitute the aged PCI, PCI-X, and AGP bus norms. PCIe has countless advancements over the above-mentioned bus norms, containing developed greatest configuration bus output, nether I/O pin reckon and tinier material footmark, stronger performance-scaling for bus implements, a further particularized inaccuracy discovery and informing method or means (Advanced Error Reporting (AER) ), and innate Hot-Plug practicality. More new alterations of the PCIe normal aid equipment I/O virtualization. There has never been a PCI Express Guide like this. It contains 61 answers, much more than you can imagine; comprehensive answers and extensive details and references, with insights that have never before been offered in print. Get the information you need--fast! This all-embracing guide offers a thorough view of key knowledge and detailed insight. This Guide introduces what you want to know about PCI Express. A quick look inside of some of the subjects covered: PCI Express - History and revisions, PCI Express - Interconnect, SCSI over PCI Express - Device identification, PCI Express - PCI Express Mini Card, PCI Express - PCI Express 4.0, Mobile PCI Express Module, PCI Express - Physical dimensions, PCI Express - PCI Express 1.0a, Mini PCI Express - Interconnect, SCSI over PCI Express - USB Attached SCSI, PCI Express - Electrical interface, SCSI over PCI Express - Serial attached SCSI, Mini PCI Express - Lane, PCI Express - PCI Express 1.1, SCSI over PCI Express - History, SCSI over PCI Express - Automation/Drive Interface, SCSI over PCI Express - Parallel SCSI, PCI Express - PCI Express 2.0, PCI Express - External memory, PCI Express - Further reading, PCI Express - Current status, PCI Express - External PCIe cards, SCSI over PCI Express - Interfaces, and much more...
Offering an overview, this guide details how 3GIO allows designers to overcome the practical performance limits of existing multidrop, parallel bus technology and explains how to increase performance and new capabilities for a broad range of computing and communications platforms.
The Hardware Hacking Handbook takes you deep inside embedded devices to show how different kinds of attacks work, then guides you through each hack on real hardware. Embedded devices are chip-size microcomputers small enough to be included in the structure of the object they control, and they’re everywhere—in phones, cars, credit cards, laptops, medical equipment, even critical infrastructure. This means understanding their security is critical. The Hardware Hacking Handbook takes you deep inside different types of embedded systems, revealing the designs, components, security limits, and reverse-engineering challenges you need to know for executing effective hardware attacks. Written with wit and infused with hands-on lab experiments, this handbook puts you in the role of an attacker interested in breaking security to do good. Starting with a crash course on the architecture of embedded devices, threat modeling, and attack trees, you’ll go on to explore hardware interfaces, ports and communication protocols, electrical signaling, tips for analyzing firmware images, and more. Along the way, you’ll use a home testing lab to perform fault-injection, side-channel (SCA), and simple and differential power analysis (SPA/DPA) attacks on a variety of real devices, such as a crypto wallet. The authors also share insights into real-life attacks on embedded systems, including Sony’s PlayStation 3, the Xbox 360, and Philips Hue lights, and provide an appendix of the equipment needed for your hardware hacking lab – like a multimeter and an oscilloscope – with options for every type of budget. You’ll learn: How to model security threats, using attacker profiles, assets, objectives, and countermeasures Electrical basics that will help you understand communication interfaces, signaling, and measurement How to identify injection points for executing clock, voltage, electromagnetic, laser, and body-biasing fault attacks, as well as practical injection tips How to use timing and power analysis attacks to extract passwords and cryptographic keys Techniques for leveling up both simple and differential power analysis, from practical measurement tips to filtering, processing, and visualization Whether you’re an industry engineer tasked with understanding these attacks, a student starting out in the field, or an electronics hobbyist curious about replicating existing work, The Hardware Hacking Handbook is an indispensable resource – one you’ll always want to have onhand.
The mass arrival of broadband has caused a revolution on the internet. The major activity online is now the downloading of music and video files. Music download services offer millions of songs for immediate download to users and where music has led, film is about to follow.Nearly all music and film content has now been turned into digital content and is available in some shape or form online. But where can all this be found? Is it safe to download? And what about the legal issues? These are questions which this book answers. Written in straight-forward language this book is a practical guide to: - Setting up a computer to download files over the internet in a safe environment- What programs to use to download and play music and video files- Where to find free and paid-for media files on the net- Which portable MP3 players to buy- How to navigate around all file-sharing networks- How not be fazed by all the jargon like MP3, OGG and DivX- How to understand the legal position when you download filesThe book is not for computer experts, but for people with ordinary home PCs who want to join the entertainment revolution. Your computer has turned into tomorrow's entertainment center - this book shows you how to take simple control of it. Millions of users globally are online, downloading music and video day in, day out. You can either ignore the revolution, or start downloading now!
Time-Correlated Single Photon Counting Modules SPC-130EMN, SPC-130EMNX, SPC-130IN, SPC-130INX, SPC-150N, SPC-150NX, SPC-150NXX, SPC-160, SPC-160PCIE, SPC-180N, SPC-180NX, SPC-180NXX Detectors, Lasers and Peripheral Devices Simple-Tau Systems Technical Principles TCSPC Applications FLIM Systems Applications in Life Sciences Clinical FLIM Applications SPCM Software SPCImage NG Data Analysis Software Time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) is an amazingly sensitive technique for recording low-level light signals with picosecond resolution and extremely high precision.TCSPC originates from the measurement of excited nuclear states and has been used since the late 60s [775, 1250]. For many years TCSPC was used primarily to record fluorescence decay curves of organic dyes in solution. Due to the low intensity and low repetition rate of the light sources and the limited speed of the electronics of the 70s and 80s the acquisition times were extremely long. More important, classic TCSPC was intrinsically one-dimensional, i.e. limited to the recording of the waveform of a periodic light signal. Light sources ceased to be a limitation when the first mode-locked Argon lasers and synchronously pumped dye lasers were introduced. For the recording electronics, the situation changed with the introduction of the SPC-300 modules of Becker & Hickl in 1993. Due to a new analog-to-digital conversion principle these modules could be used at photon count rates almost 100 times higher than the classic TCSPC devices. Moreover, the modules were able to record the photons of a large number of detectors simultaneously. They were thus able to record a photon distribution not only versus the time in a fluorescence decay but also versus aspatial coordinate or the wavelength of the photons. Multi-dimensional TCSPC was born. Within a few years, more dimensions were added to multidimensional TCSPC. Fast sequential recording was introduced with the SPC-430 in 1995, fast scanning with the SPC-535 in 1997. Time-tag recording was introduced with the SPC-431 in 1996; multi-module TCSPC systems followed in 1999. Since then, the Becker & Hickl TCSPC systems became bigger, faster and more flexible. Recent TCSPC modules, like the SPC-150NX or the SPC-180, can be configured for sequential recording, imaging, or time-tag recording by a simple software command. Multi-module systems, like the SPC-134EM and SPC-154, can be used for scanning at unprecedented count rates and acquisition speeds. Nevertheless, TCSPC still has the reputation to be an extremely sluggish technique unable to record any fast changes in the fluorescence or scattering behaviour of a sample. The multidimensional features of modern TCSPC are not commonly understood. Thus, many users do not make efficient use of their SPC modules. However, if appropriately used, multidimensional TCSPC techniques not only deliver superior results but also solve highly sophisticated measurement problems. This handbook is an attempt to help existing and potential users understand and make use of the advanced features of modern TCSPC. After an introduction into the bh TCSPC devices and associated detector, laser, and experiment control modules the principles of advanced TCSPC techniques are described. These include multidetector TCSPC, multiplexed TCSPC, sequential recording techniques, scanning techniques, parameter-tag recording, and multi-module TCSPC techniques. The next chapter describes the architecture of the bh SPC modules. A chapter about detectors gives a review of detector principles and of the parameters used to characterise detectors. It describes a number of detectors commonly used for TCSPC and gives advice about obtaining best performance from them. The implementation of bh SPC devices is described in the next part of the handbook. It includes principles and wiring diagrams for typical experiments, guidelines for first system setup, and advice for system optimisation. It describes dead-time, counting loss, and pile-up effects, detector effects, and effects related to the optical system. The next chapter of the handbook is dedicated to TCSPC applications. The first part of this chapter describes the measurement of fluorescence and anisotropy decay curves, multispectral lifetime experiments, recording of transient fluorescence lifetime phenomena, and measurements of phosphorescence decay curves. The second part of the chapter is dedicated to time-resolved laser scanning microscopy. It contains sections on a wide variety of fluorescence-lifetime imaging (FLIM) experiments and procedures, such as FLIM with various excitation principles, excitation sources, and detection principles, high-speed and time-series FLIM, Z-stack FLIM, simultaneous fluorescence and phosphorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM/PLIM), fluorescence lifetime-transient scanning (FLITS), and FLIM with special microscope configurations. A third part contains FLIM background knowledge: Signal-to-noise ratio, acquisition time, the effect of counting loss and pile-up, photobleaching, and fluorescence depolarisation on the recorded data. The book contains a large chapter on TCSPC applications, most of them in Biology. It contains sections on FLIM of molecular environment parameters in tissue, FLIM-based FRET measurements in cells, autofluorescence FLIM of biological tissue, plant physiology, and clinical FLIM applications. A section about diffuse optical tomography (DOT) by NIRS techniques includes breast imaging, static and functional brain imaging, perfusion measurement in the human brain, diffuse tissue spectroscopy, and small-animal imaging. Picosecond photon correlation, fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, burst-integrated fluorescence lifetime techniques, and photon counting histogram techniques are reviewed in the next sections. The last part of the application chapter gives an review of non-biological TCSPC applications like positron lifetime measurement, measurement of barrier discharges, remote sensing, metrological applications, and characterisation of detectors. The application chapter also includes practical hints about optical systems, detectors, and other technical aspects of the applications described. Another large chapter describes the SPCM operating software of the bh SPC modules. It describes the various user interface configurations, operation modes, the system and control parameters, the handling and display of the multidimensional data recorded by the modules, and the associated data file structure. The TCSPC Handbook also contains a chapter on the SPCImage NG fluorescence decay and FLIM data analysis software. It describes the general principles of fluorescence decay analysis, the calculation of fluorescence decay parameters and lifetime images by various decay models, pseudo-global analysis, multi-wavelength FLIM analysis, batch-processing of FLIM series, and analysis of PLIM data. The handbook ends with a list of more than 1200 references related to TCSPC, most of them being applications of the bh SPC devices.
••PCI EXPRESS is considered to be the most general purpose bus so it should appeal to a wide audience in this arena.•Today's buses are becoming more specialized to meet the needs of the particular system applications, building the need for this book.•Mindshare and their only competitor in this space, Solari, team up in this new book.
The second edition of this accepted reference work has been updated to reflect the rapid developments in the field and now covers both 2D and 3D imaging. Written by expert practitioners from leading companies operating in machine vision, this one-stop handbook guides readers through all aspects of image acquisition and image processing, including optics, electronics and software. The authors approach the subject in terms of industrial applications, elucidating such topics as illumination and camera calibration. Initial chapters concentrate on the latest hardware aspects, ranging from lenses and camera systems to camera-computer interfaces, with the software necessary discussed to an equal depth in later sections. These include digital image basics as well as image analysis and image processing. The book concludes with extended coverage of industrial applications in optics and electronics, backed by case studies and design strategies for the conception of complete machine vision systems. As a result, readers are not only able to understand the latest systems, but also to plan and evaluate this technology. With more than 500 images and tables to illustrate relevant principles and steps.
The authoritative guide to producing, directing, shooting, editing, and distributing your video or film. Whether you aspire to be a great filmmaker yourself or are looking for movie gifts, this comprehensive guide to filmmaking is the first step in turning a hobby into a career. Widely acknowledged as the “bible” of video and film production, and used in courses around the world, The Filmmaker’s Handbook is now updated with the latest advances in HD and digital formats. For students and teachers, professionals and novices, this indispensable handbook covers all aspects of movie making. • Techniques for making dramatic features, documentaries, corporate, broadcast, and experimental videos and films • Shooting with DSLRs, video, film, and digital cinema cameras • In-depth coverage of lenses, lighting, sound recording, editing, and mixing • Understanding HDR, RAW, Log, 4K, UHD, and other formats • The business aspects of funding and producing your project • Getting your movie shown in theaters, on television, streaming services, and online
'The CUDA Handbook' begins where 'CUDA by Example' leaves off, discussing both CUDA hardware and software in detail that will engage any CUDA developer, from the casual to the most hardcore. Newer CUDA developers will see how the hardware processes commands and the driver checks progress; hardcore CUDA developers will appreciate topics such as the driver API, context migration, and how best to structure CPU/GPU data interchange and synchronization. The book is partly a reference resource and partly a cookbook.