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This account of the first president’s trip to unite a young America “follows Washington’s travels day-by-day with detailed information about each stop” (Daily Herald). Newly elected president George Washington set out to visit the new nation aware that he was the singular unifying figure in America. The journey’s finale was the Southern Tour, begun in March 1791. The long and arduous trek from the capital, Philadelphia, passed through seven states and the future Washington, DC. But the focus was on Virginia, the Carolinas, and Georgia. The president kept a rigorous schedule, enduring rugged roads and hazardous water crossings. His highly anticipated arrival in each destination was a community celebration with countless teas, parades, dinners, and dances. Author Warren Bingham reveals the history and lore of the most beloved American president and his survey of the newly formed southern United States. Includes photos
Slavery’s Fugitives and the Making of the United States Constitution unearths a long-hidden factor that led to the Constitutional Convention in 1787. While historians have generally acknowledged that patriot leaders assembled in response to postwar economic chaos, the threat of popular insurgencies, and the inability of the states to agree on how to fund the national government, Timothy Messer-Kruse suggests that scholars have discounted Americans’ desire to compel Britain to return fugitives from slavery as a driving force behind the convention. During the Revolutionary War, British governors offered freedom to enslaved Americans who joined the king’s army. Thousands responded by fleeing to English camps. After the British defeat at Yorktown, American diplomats demanded the surrender of fugitive slaves. When British generals refused, several states confiscated Loyalist estates and blocked payment of English creditors, hoping to apply enough pressure on the Crown to hand over the runaways. State laws conflicting with the 1783 Treaty of Paris violated the Articles of Confederation—the young nation’s first constitution—but Congress, lacking an executive branch or a federal judiciary, had no means to obligate states to comply. The standoff over the escaped slaves quickly escalated following the Revolution as Britain failed to abandon the western forts it occupied and took steps to curtail American commerce. More than any other single matter, the impasse over the return of enslaved Americans threatened to hamper the nation’s ability to expand westward, develop its commercial economy, and establish itself as a power among the courts of Europe. Messer-Kruse argues that the issue encouraged the founders to consider the prospect of scrapping the Articles of Confederation and drafting a superseding document that would dramatically increase federal authority—the Constitution.
An illuminating study of America's agricultural society during the Colonial, Revolutionary, and Founding eras In the eighteenth century, three‑quarters of Americans made their living from farms. This authoritative history explores the lives, cultures, and societies of America's farmers from colonial times through the founding of the nation. Noted historian Richard Bushman explains how all farmers sought to provision themselves while still actively engaged in trade, making both subsistence and commerce vital to farm economies of all sizes. The book describes the tragic effects on the native population of farmers' efforts to provide farms for their children and examines how climate created the divide between the free North and the slave South. Bushman also traces midcentury rural violence back to the century's population explosion. An engaging work of historical scholarship, the book draws on a wealth of diaries, letters, and other writings--including the farm papers of Thomas Jefferson and George Washington--to open a window on the men, women, and children who worked the land in early America.
Progressives in Washington have big plans. Plans to take over every part of the U.S. economy and manage Americans' lives. Embracing the Green New Deal, abolishing the electoral college, promoting late term abortion, and implementing socialism are just a few of the progressives' latest attempts to remake America. In the process, they abandon the Constitution and our individual liberties. Congressman Ken Buck argues that every American should rediscover our nation's unique freedom story. This book tells the story of how our nation’s founders carefully designed a political system that would guard against tyranny and protect individual liberty. Using the Capitol and its features as the backdrop, Buck shows how our heritage as a free people is woven into every institution in America, and how progressives are attempting to undermine individual liberty. The book offers clear recommendations for steps liberty-minded Americans can take to reverse the progressives’ damaging course. For all who are willing to listen, the Capitol speaks, showing how conservatives can halt the progressives' plans, preserve our remaining freedoms, and reclaim what we’ve lost.
1791 marked one of the worst military defeats the United States Army ever suffered. As Major General Arthur St. Clair led both regular Army and militia levee soldiers to the banks of the Wabash River, Native Americans rose to stop them--and stop the Army they did. In this fascinating study, Richard Lytle gives historians, genealogists, and local history buffs a monumental resource for the study of St. Clair's soldiers. Not only a detailed narrative of this campaign, this is also the most complete roster of soldiers available, and a comprehensive description of their origins, equipment and organization. This resource assembles in one place both the narrative and hard to find reference materials that genealogists and historians need to research and better understand this seminal event in America's westward growth.