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This book shows that the medical consequences of low-dose, low-rate exposures to ionizing radiation have been overestimated by certain scientists, which apparently occurred in accordance with unofficial policies and directives. It analyses and exposes the biases and hidden conflicts of interest in numerous scientific publications overestimating the medico-biological consequences of low-dose radiation. After the Chernobyl accident, many publications exaggerated its medical consequences. Among the motives for this were financing, publication pressure, and career prospects. The accident has been exploited to strangle nuclear energy, thus boosting fossil fuel prices. In more developed countries, anti-nuclear sentiments have been supported by green activists, in agreement with the interests of fossil fuel producers, certain companies and governments. Today, however, there are no alternatives to nuclear energy; in the long run, non-renewable fossil fuels will become more expensive, contributing to the excessive population growth in oil-producing regions and to poverty elsewhere.
This book is the seventh in a series of titles from the National Research Council that addresses the effects of exposure to low dose LET (Linear Energy Transfer) ionizing radiation and human health. Updating information previously presented in the 1990 publication, Health Effects of Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation: BEIR V, this book draws upon new data in both epidemiologic and experimental research. Ionizing radiation arises from both natural and man-made sources and at very high doses can produce damaging effects in human tissue that can be evident within days after exposure. However, it is the low-dose exposures that are the focus of this book. So-called “late” effects, such as cancer, are produced many years after the initial exposure. This book is among the first of its kind to include detailed risk estimates for cancer incidence in addition to cancer mortality. BEIR VII offers a full review of the available biological, biophysical, and epidemiological literature since the last BEIR report on the subject and develops the most up-to-date and comprehensive risk estimates for cancer and other health effects from exposure to low-level ionizing radiation.
The US Environmental Protection Agency Office of Radiation and Indoor Air asked the National Research Council to evaluate whether sufficient new data exist to warrant a reassessment of health risks reported in Health Effects of Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiations (BEIR V) in 1990. To respond to this request, the National Research Council assembled the Committee on Health Risks of Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiations. The work of the committee was conducted in what was called the BEIR VII phase-1 study. To assist the committee during its deliberations, various scientists were consulted for advice, and a workshop on the impact of biology on risk assessment was held in collaboration with the Department of Energy Office of Health and Environmental Research. The intent of the workshop was to address the implications of new understanding of the biologic basis of radiation injury and carcinogenesis for risk assessment.
This book reevaluates the health risks of ionizing radiation in light of data that have become available since the 1980 report on this subject was published. The data include new, much more reliable dose estimates for the A-bomb survivors, the results of an additional 14 years of follow-up of the survivors for cancer mortality, recent results of follow-up studies of persons irradiated for medical purposes, and results of relevant experiments with laboratory animals and cultured cells. It analyzes the data in terms of risk estimates for specific organs in relation to dose and time after exposure, and compares radiation effects between Japanese and Western populations.
This book analyzes bias and conflicts of interest in numerous papers exaggerating the medical and biological consequences of low-dose radiation. After the Chernobyl accident, many publications overestimated its medical consequences. Among the motives for doing so were financing, international help, publication pressure, and the pressure to write numerous theses and articles throughout one’s scientific career. The accident has been exploited to strangle nuclear energy, thus boosting fossil fuel prices. Nuclear facilities are potential targets in armed conflicts. One of the motives to unleash the war in Ukraine and threats to use nuclear weapons seems to be boosting fossil fuel prices. In more developed countries, antinuclear resentments have been supported by Green activists, well in agreement with the interests of fossil fuel vendors, several companies and certain governments. Today, there are no alternatives to nuclear energy. This book argues that, in the long run, non-renewable fossil fuels will become more expensive, contributing to excessive population growth in oil-producing regions and poverty elsewhere.