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What People Have Said About Human Competence: "Among the ideas bulging from this classic work: performance exemplars, potential for improving performance, behavior-accomplishment distinction, performance matrix, ACORN troubleshooting test, performance audits, states, Worth = Value - Cost, knowledge maps, mediators, and job aids. The great accomplishments Gilbert left behind will continue to profit behavior analysis and performance improvement for a long, long time." --Ogden Lindsley, Behavior Research Company "Human Competence is probably the most borrowed and least returned book in my library. It?s good to have it in print more than once, so that I can keep replacing it, and rereading it for new insights from the original master of HPT." --Rob Foshay, TRO Learning, Inc. "Human Competence stands not only as a tribute to Tom's genius, but also as the best single source of ideas about performance technology. It is a 'must have' for anyone serious about changing the performance of individuals or organizations." --Dick Lincoln, Centers for Disease Control
This book is written for those who will live beyond tomorrow in an unknown future. Technology, and specifically artificial intelligence (AI), is advancing at a rate that is unparalleled in human history. Human beings are capable of great accomplishments, beautiful expressions of creativity, and horrific acts of brutality. If humanity is to survive, we need to evolve. Today's educators, and students, are locked into education systems designed for a past that no longer exists. As artificial intelligence outpaces the computational skill of the human brain (biological intelligence), and data is now readily available in this technological age, we must identify the unique human strengths that will guarantee the survival of our species. I like to think in terms of bubbles in time that encapsulate our lives. We build nests for security and when we are gone, our accumulated possessions are dispersed. What we leave behind, if anything, is genetic material--if we have children--and the remnants of our accomplishments if they are significant enough to be useful in a future time. Some people dream of a future for mankind that exists beyond their personal bubble. Most hope that they have provided a foundation for their descendants and for all who will live in future societies. I have spent most of my adult life teaching; trying to make education relevant, dynamic, and individualized to meet the needs of every learner. I believe in empowering students to become self-directed learners. They need to have a reliable skill set that allows them to follow their passions, think critically, learn at an accelerated pace, adapt to changing situations, work collaboratively, and hold to the highest standards attainable as ethical human beings. I want to do what I can to prepare our kids, so they can 'live long and prosper' in their time. Juval Noah Harari is a present-day historian and philosopher. Much of what I understand about our species, the future of mankind, and how best to prepare those who will live in the future, comes from Harari. There are other leaders with powerful insights as well. Once, in a time past, I envisioned tomorrow and went with my insights and dreams. I shared much, wrote many words, lived and taught by example. I was joined by others who had similar insights. The information my wife and I gained about accelerating learning, through building Crow Canyon, an education and archaeological re-search center, was powerful. Now, with almost sixty years of experience as an educator, I continue to write about how we have to restructure education to better prepare students with skills for their future--a future which is not entirely unpredictable. My most effective teaching was around campfires. With the help of my wife Jo, who brought music, poetry, and insights to cement experiences, we wove reality and history into stories that could be retold as a foundation for the times ahead. The gathering of students--the class and dialog--described in this book exemplifies a model classroom for the future. I set the parameters for the students and gently guide their search for answers. As the class progresses, I begin to withdraw and become part of the team. The students take power, use their skills, explore new ideas, reflect on their own experiences, and apply their insights to the design of an improved education system for the future. This search for answers takes place through a medley of student dialogues. Welcome to the fire.
This book radically counters the optimism sparked by Competence Based Education and Training, an educational philosophy that has re-emerged in Schooling, Vocational and Higher Education in the last decade. CBET supposedly offers a new type of learning that will lead to skilled employment; here, Preston instead presents the competency movement as one which makes the concept of human learning redundant. Starting with its origins in Taylorism, the slaughterhouse and radical behaviourism, the book charts the history of competency education to its position as a global phenomenon today, arguing that competency is opposed to ideas of process, causality and analog human movement that are fundamental to human learning.
A group of students gather around a virtual campfire and work collaboratively to understand the impact of machine intelligence on their futures. Together they explore the changes that must be made to current education systems to prepare students for their future. Human Competence: Imperatives is the sequel to Human Competence. A stand alone read, Imperatives is a deep dive into key components necessary to prepare students for their future. Using the students' research and conversations, Human Competence: Imperatives explores the types of deep structural changes that must occur within our public education system to keep it relevant. Today's educators, and students, are locked into education systems, public and private, designed for a past that no longer exists and does not prepare them for their future. Imperatives focuses on the increasing presence of technology and artificial intelligence (AI). As artificial intelligence outpaces the computational skills of the human brain (biological intelligence) these students search out ways to prepare themselves for a partnership with AI that will enhance our humanity and not destroy our species. To adapt and survive, we must identify the IMPERATIVES--the essential skills humans need to guarantee the structures necessary for our individual survival and the survival of our species. As the students discover, to be empowered they must become self-directed learners. They need a reliable skill set that allows them to access information, think and evaluate critically, learn at an accelerated pace, adapt to changing situations, work collaboratively with others to solve real problems, function in a machine intelligence dominated reality, and hold to the highest standards attainable as ethical human beings. Our education systems must prepare students to make contributions using technology to access data and information. They must learn how to apply their insights to design a society that is still to be created, and to the evolution of the education systems for the future. Humans must deal with machine intelligence that can do almost anything humans can do ... except be human. This search for answers takes place through a medley of student dialogues.
A leading expert on evolution and communication presents an empirically based theory of the evolutionary origins of human communication that challenges the dominant Chomskian view. Human communication is grounded in fundamentally cooperative, even shared, intentions. In this original and provocative account of the evolutionary origins of human communication, Michael Tomasello connects the fundamentally cooperative structure of human communication (initially discovered by Paul Grice) to the especially cooperative structure of human (as opposed to other primate) social interaction. Tomasello argues that human cooperative communication rests on a psychological infrastructure of shared intentionality (joint attention, common ground), evolved originally for collaboration and culture more generally. The basic motives of the infrastructure are helping and sharing: humans communicate to request help, inform others of things helpfully, and share attitudes as a way of bonding within the cultural group. These cooperative motives each created different functional pressures for conventionalizing grammatical constructions. Requesting help in the immediate you-and-me and here-and-now, for example, required very little grammar, but informing and sharing required increasingly complex grammatical devices. Drawing on empirical research into gestural and vocal communication by great apes and human infants (much of it conducted by his own research team), Tomasello argues further that humans' cooperative communication emerged first in the natural gestures of pointing and pantomiming. Conventional communication, first gestural and then vocal, evolved only after humans already possessed these natural gestures and their shared intentionality infrastructure along with skills of cultural learning for creating and passing along jointly understood communicative conventions. Challenging the Chomskian view that linguistic knowledge is innate, Tomasello proposes instead that the most fundamental aspects of uniquely human communication are biological adaptations for cooperative social interaction in general and that the purely linguistic dimensions of human communication are cultural conventions and constructions created by and passed along within particular cultural groups.
This book publishes the best papers accepted and presented at the 3rd edition of the International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Systems for Sustainable Development Applied to Agriculture, Energy, Health, Environment, Industry, Education, Economy, and Security (AI2SD’2020). This conference is one of the biggest amalgamations of eminent researchers, students, and delegates from both academia and industry where the collaborators have an interactive access to emerging technology and approaches globally. In this book, readers find the latest ideas addressing technological issues relevant to all areas of the social and human sciences for sustainable development. Due to the nature of the conference with its focus on innovative ideas and developments, the book provides the ideal scientific and brings together very high-quality chapters written by eminent researchers from different disciplines, to discover the most recent developments in scientific research.
In this fascinating book, John Maynard Smith and Eors Szathmary present an original picture of evolution. They propose that during evolution there have been a number of major transitions in the way in which information is passed between generations. These transitions include the appearance of the first replicating molecules, the emergence of co-operative animal societies, and the unique language ability of humans. Containing many new ideas, this book is contemporary biology on the grandest scale, from the birth of life to the origin of language.