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The operation and maintenance of the NOAA Polar Satellite System involves a great variety of activities in many locations throughout the United States of America. This report is to summarize this system and to provide interested people with a perspective of the operational NOAA polar orbiting satellite system. The NOAA polar system description serves as a reference for developers of short-range modifications of the system. This system description serves as a guide as to how services are generated for users of the system's output. This report is primarily for use within the National Environmental Satellite Service and its parent organization, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. A glossary of terms is included for those less familiar with the system. The reader is cautioned that the system is described either as it was or was intended to be with the introduction of the third operational spacecraft NOAA-3 in the late fall of 1973. Specific plans to update this document in the future have not been made; however, your comments on the document and its need for revision are welcome.
The operation and maintenance of the NOAA Polar Satellite System involves a great variety of activities in many locations throughout the United States of America. This report is to summarize this system and to provide interested people with a perspective of the operational NOAA polar orbiting satellite system. The NOAA polar system description serves as a reference for developers of short-range modifications of the system. This system description serves as a guide as to how services are generated for users of the system's output. This report is primarily for use within the National Environmental Satellite Service and its parent organization, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. A glossary of terms is included for those less familiar with the system. The reader is cautioned that the system is described either as it was or was intended to be with the introduction of the third operational spacecraft NOAA-3 in the late fall of 1973. Specific plans to update this document in the future have not been made; however, your comments on the document and its need for revision are welcome.
The GOES-R Series: A New Generation of Geostationary Environmental Satellites introduces the reader to the most significant advance in weather technology in a generation. The world's new constellation of geostationary operational environmental satellites (GOES) are in the midst of a drastic revolution with their greatly improved capabilities that provide orders of magnitude improvements in spatial, temporal and spectral resolution. Never before have routine observations been possible over such a wide area. Imagine satellite images over the full disk every 10 or 15 minutes and monitoring of severe storms, cyclones, fires and volcanic eruptions on the scale of minutes. - Introduces the GOES-R Series, with chapters on each of its new products - Provides an overview of how to read new satellite images - Includes full-color images and online animations that demonstrate the power of this new technology
Remote observations of Earth from space serve an extraordinarily broad range of purposes, resulting in extraordinary demands on those at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and elsewhere who must decide how to execute them. In research, Earth observations promise large volumes of data to a variety of disciplines with differing needs for measurement type, simultaneity, continuity, and long-term instrument stability. Operational needs, such as weather forecasting, add a distinct set of requirements for continual and highly reliable monitoring of global conditions. The Role of Small Satellites in NASA and NOAA Earth Observation Programs confronts these diverse requirements and assesses how they might be met by small satellites. In the past, the preferred architecture for most NASA and NOAA missions was a single large spacecraft platform containing a sophisticated suite of instruments. But the recognition in other areas of space research that cost-effectiveness, flexibility, and robustness may be enhanced by using small spacecraft has raised questions about this philosophy of Earth observation. For example, NASA has already abandoned its original plan for a follow-on series of major platforms in its Earth Observing System. This study finds that small spacecraft can play an important role in Earth observation programs, providing to this field some of the expected benefits that are normally associated with such programs, such as rapid development and lower individual mission cost. It also identifies some of the programmatic and technical challenges associated with a mission composed of small spacecraft, as well as reasons why more traditional, larger platforms might still be preferred. The reasonable conclusion is that a systems-level examination is required to determine the optimum architecture for a given scientific and/or operational objective. The implied new challenge is for NASA and NOAA to find intra- and interagency planning mechanisms that can achieve the most appropriate and cost-effective balance among their various requirements.
The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) uses precipitation data in many applications including hurricane forecasting. Currently, NOAA uses data collected from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite that was launched in 1997 by NASA in cooperation with the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency. NASA is now making plans to launch the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission in 2013 to succeed TRMM, which was originally intended as a 3 to 5 year mission but has enough fuel to orbit until 2012. The GPM mission consists of a "core" research satellite flying with other "constellation" satellites to provide global precipitation data products at three-hour intervals. This book is the second in a 2-part series from the National Research Council on the future of rainfall measuring missions. The book recommends that NOAA begin its GPM mission preparations as soon as possible and that NOAA develop a strategic plan for the mission using TRMM experience as a guide. The first book in the series, Assessment of the Benefits of Extending the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (December 2004), recommended that the TRMM mission be extended as long as possible because of the quality, uniqueness, and many uses of its data. NASA has officially extended the TRMM mission until 2009.