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During the past twenty years the structure of the nuclear envelope, and in particular, that of its most distinct elements, the nuclear pore complexes, has been described from thin section electron microscopy (e, g., Brettschneider, 1952; Hartmann, 1953; Bahr and Beermann, 1954; Watson, 1954; Kautz and de Marsh, 1955; Watson, 1955), from metal-shadowed (e. g., Callan and Tomlin, 1950; Gall, 1954, 1956) and negatively stained (e. g., Franke, 1966, 1967; Gall, 1967; Yoo and Bayley, 1967) preparations of isolated nuclear membranes as revealing characte ristics common to euka. ryotic cells in general (recently reviewed, e. g., in Gouran ton, 1969; Stevens and Andre, 1969; Franke, 1970). In the recent years the freeze-etch technique (Steere, 1957) has proved to be a particularly useful tool in studying membraneous structures (e. g., Moor and Miihlethaler, 1963; Branton and Moor, 1964; Branton, 1966; Koehler, 1968b; Staehelin, l968a; Northcote, 1968a; Branton, 1969; Moor, 1969a). So this method has especially broadened the knowledge, e. g., on bacterial membranes (Bayer and Remsen, 1970; Nanninga, 1970), on erythrocyte plasma membranes (Weinstein and Bullivant, 1967; Meyer and Winkelmann, 1970; da Silva and Branton, 1970; Tillack and Marchesi, 1970), on liver cell membranes (Chalcroft and Bullivant, 1970), on Golgi membranes (Werz and Kellner, 1970; Staehelin and Kiermayer, 1970), on synaptic vesicles (Moor et al.
During the past twenty years the structure of the nuclear envelope, and in particular, that of its most distinct elements, the nuclear pore complexes, has been described from thin section electron microscopy (e,g. , Brettschneider, 1952; Hartmann, 1953; Bahr and Beermann, 1954; Watson, 1954; Kautz and de Marsh, 1955; Watson, 1955), from metal-shadowed (e. g. , Callan and Tomlin, 1950; Gall, 1954, 1956) and negatively stained (e. g. , Franke, 1966, 1967; Gall, 1967; Yoo and Bayley, 1967) preparations of isolated nuclear membranes as revealing characte­ ristics common to euka. ryotic cells in general (recently reviewed, e. g. , in Gouran­ ton, 1969; Stevens and Andre, 1969; Franke, 1970). In the recent years the freeze-etch technique (Steere, 1957) has proved to be a particularly useful tool in studying membraneous structures (e. g. , Moor and Miihlethaler, 1963; Branton and Moor, 1964; Branton, 1966; Koehler, 1968b; Staehelin, l968a; Northcote, 1968a; Branton, 1969; Moor, 1969a). So this method has especially broadened the knowledge, e. g. , on bacterial membranes (Bayer and Remsen, 1970; Nanninga, 1970), on erythrocyte plasma membranes (Weinstein and Bullivant, 1967; Meyer and Winkelmann, 1970; da Silva and Branton, 1970; Tillack and Marchesi, 1970), on liver cell membranes (Chalcroft and Bullivant, 1970), on Golgi membranes (Werz and Kellner, 1970; Staehelin and Kiermayer, 1970), on synaptic vesicles (Moor et al.
Aspects of Nuclear Structure and Function deals with various aspects of nuclear structure and function and covers topics ranging from the ultrastructure of the female gamete to the structure, biochemistry, and functions of the nuclear envelope. Banding patterns in chromosomes, histones and nonhistone proteins, and the transfer of genetic information in polytene cells are also discussed. This book is comprised of six chapters and begins by presenting a comparative view of some aspects of the ultrastructure of the vegetative (growth) aspects of oogenesis, with emphasis on microtubules, intercellular bridges of differentiating oocytes, and vitellogenesis as well as accessory structures of the egg envelope. The following chapters explore the structure, biochemistry, and functions of the nuclear envelope; banding patterns in chromosomes; chromosomal proteins (histones and nonhistone proteins); transfer of genetic information in polytene cells; and the intracellular biology of DNA polymerases in eukaryotic cells, their association with the nucleus, and how this association changes during the mitotic cell cycle. The relationship between eukaryotic DNA polymerases and DNA replication is also examined. This monograph should be a valuable resource for biochemists.
Membrane Morphology of the Vertebrate Nervous System
The development of the electron microscope brought one to the other. The purpose of this book is to in a new era, in which cell structures could be provide a bridge, to help those who are familiar visualized down to a macromolecular level. It is of with conventional electron microscopy, to cross course well recognized that some cell components into the less familiar freeze-etching. This has been can be modified or even completely lost during the done by providing paired photographs wherever complex sequence of fixation, dehydration, staining possible, one showing the thin section of a tissue or and plastic embedding which is essential before a a cell, the other a freeze-etch replica of a similar thin section can be obtained. Further, only these cell material. At the same time we have tried to provide components which can be made electron opaque a basis for interpretation of freeze-etched structures, can be visualized. For these reasons, the morpho and we hope the reader will find the first 23 Plates logist and cell biologist alike have to explore alter especially useful in this respect. Because there are native techniques of specimen preparation which many excellent atlases of cell structure available at may avoid some of the artefacts inherent in con the present time, we felt there was no need to ventional thin-section electron microscopy, and at provide lengthy discussions of each plate.
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