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The GHG Protocol Corporate Accounting and Reporting Standard helps companies and other organizations to identify, calculate, and report GHG emissions. It is designed to set the standard for accurate, complete, consistent, relevant and transparent accounting and reporting of GHG emissions.
A brief review of the small car vs large car fuel economy and emission scenario was conducted to determine whether it is meaningful to implement multi-level emission regulations (different values for small and large cars) to encourage or forces the use of catalytic converters on smaller cars, and by so doing improve the overall fuel economy of the total fleet while at the same time reduce overall emissions. The results of this review showed that: the 1975 to 1976 federal HC standard (1.5 gr/mi) is sufficiently low to effectively force the use of catalysts on larger cars (4000-lb inertia test weight and above) to avoid fuel economy losses, but not sufficiently low to require them on all smaller cars (3500-lb class and below). However, the 1975 to 1976 California HC standard (0.9 gr/mi) is sufficiently low to do so, as evidenced by the fact that essentially all California cars do use catalysts; whether or not small or large cars are equipped with oxidation catalysts, NOx standards below the current federal level (3.1 gr/mi) and California level (2 gr/mi) will act to reduce vehicle fuel economy, although small cars are slightly less sensitive in this respect; to meet the projected federal and California HC standard of 0.41 gr/mi, both small and large cars will be forced to use catalysts, since this is the only available emission control technique for the conventional spark ignition engine; and to ensure the fuel economy and emission benefits of catalysts, ERDA need only support the implementation of the proposed HC standard of 0.41 gr/mi. Making the federal standard the same as the California one would also produce this result.
Managing the nation's air quality is a complex undertaking, involving tens of thousands of people in regulating thousands of pollution sources. The authors identify what has worked and what has not, and they offer wide-ranging recommendations for setting future priorities, making difficult choices, and increasing innovation. This new book explores how to better integrate scientific advances and new technologies into the air quality management system. The volume reviews the three-decade history of governmental efforts toward cleaner air, discussing how air quality standards are set and results measured, the design and implementation of control strategies, regulatory processes and procedures, special issues with mobile pollution sources, and more. The book looks at efforts to spur social and behavioral changes that affect air quality, the effectiveness of market-based instruments for air quality regulation, and many other aspects of the issue. Rich in technical detail, this book will be of interest to all those engaged in air quality management: scientists, engineers, industrial managers, law makers, regulators, health officials, clean-air advocates, and concerned citizens.

S. 131

United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Environment and Public Works

Published: 2007

Total Pages: 300


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Emissions from mobile sources contribute significantly to air pollution in the United States. Such sources include cars and light- and heavy-duty trucks; diesel-powered cranes, bulldozers, and tractors; and equipment such as lawnmowers that run on small gasoline engines. The role of state versus federal government in establishing mobile-source emissions standards is an important environmental management issue. With this in mind, Congress called on EPA to arrange an independent study of the practices and procedures by which California develops separate emissions standards from the federal government and other states choose to adopt the California standards. The report provides an assessment of the scientific and technical procedures used by states to develop or adopt different emissions standards and a comparison of those policies and practices with those used by EPA. It also considers the impacts of state emissions standards on various factors including compliance costs and emissions. The report concludes that, despite the substantial progress in reducing emissions from mobile sources nationwide, more needs to be done to attain federal air-quality standards in many parts of the country. Additionally, California should continue its pioneering role in setting emissions standards for cars, trucks, and off-road equipment.