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Today our naval forces enjoy maritime superiority around the world and find themselves at a strategic inflection point during which future capabilities must be pondered with creativity and innovation. Change must be embraced and made an ally in order to take advantage of emerging technologies, concepts, and doctrine; thereby preserving the nation's global leadership. Sea Power 21 has additionally specified unmanned vehicles as force multipliers and risk reduction agents for the Navy of the future. Transformation applies to what we buy as well as how we buy and operate it-all while competing with other shifting national investment priorities. The long-term UUV vision is to have the capability to: (1) deploy or retrieve devices, (2) gather, transmit, or act on all types of information, and (3) engage bottom, volume, surface, air or land targets (See Figure 1-1). The growing use of unmanned systems-air, surface, ground, and underwater is continually demonstrating new possibilities. One can conceive of scenarios where UUVs sense, track, identify, target, and destroy an enemy-all autonomously and tie in with the full net-centric battlespace. UUV systems will provide a key undersea component for FORCEnet, contributing to an integrated picture of the battlespace. Admittedly this vision is futuristic. Even though today's planners, operators, and technologists cannot accurately forecast the key applications for UUVs in the year 2050, this plan provides a roadmap to move toward that vision. Pursuit of this plan's updated recommendations beginning in the year 2004, will place increasingly large numbers of UUVs in the hands of warfighters. Thus, UUVs can begin addressing near-term needs while improving understanding of mid- to far-term possibilities. Even the most futuristic applications can evolve in a confident, cost-effective manner. This confidence is based on several factors: the Sea Power 21 Sub-Pillar capabilities identified here address a broad range of user needs; critical technologies are identified that will enable tomorrow's more complex applications; and key principles and best practices are recommended that provide for a logical, flexible, and affordable development effort.
The Unmanned Undersea Vehicle (UUV) Master Plan Update, chartered in December 2003 by the Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Navy and OPNAV N77 (Submarine Warfare Division), expands on the missions and technologies recommended in the Navy UUV Master Plan of April 2000. Using Sea Power 21 for guidance, nine Sub-Pillar capabilities were identified and prioritized: 1. Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance 2. Mine Countermeasures 3. Anti-Submarine Warfare 4. Inspection / Identification 5. Oceanography 6. Communication / Navigation Network Node 7. Payload Delivery 8. Information Operations 9. Time Critical Strike To realize these capabilities, a number of programmatic recommendations were made: 1. Develop four UUV classes: Man Portable (
The Unmanned Undersea Vehicle (UUV) Master Plan Update, chartered in December 2003 by the Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Navy and OPNAV N77 (Submarine Warfare Division), expands on the missions and technologies recommended in the Navy UUV Master Plan of April 2000. Using Sea Power 21 for guidance, nine Sub-Pillar capabilities were identified and prioritized: 1. Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance 2. Mine Countermeasures 3. Anti-Submarine Warfare 4. Inspection / Identification 5. Oceanography 6. Communication / Navigation Network Node 7. Payload Delivery 8. Information Operations 9. Time Critical Strike To realize these capabilities, a number of programmatic recommendations were made: 1. Develop four UUV classes: Man Portable (
At the request of the Assistance Secretary of the Navy for Research, Development and Acquisition (ASN-RDA). The Navy Unmanned Undersea Vehicle (UUV) Master Plan was prepared, outlining recommended development pathways for UUV systems and technologies for the next decade and beyond. An overall vision of UUVs as integral parts of the battle force is portrayed, with four signature capabilities seen as critical to both near term and long term goals. The technologies required to accomplish these missions were surveyed, and a programmatic roadmap was prepared to develop those capabilities determined to be on the critical paths for implementation.
Which military missions for unmanned undersea vehicles (UUVs) appear most promising to pursue in terms of military need, operational and technical risks, alternatives, and cost? To answer this question, the authors assess risks associated with using UUVs for advocated missions, identify non-UUV alternatives that may be more appropriate for such missions, and analyze potential costs associated with UUV development and use. They conclude that seven missions: mine countermeasures, deployment of leave-behind surveillance sensors or sensor arrays, near-land and harbor monitoring, oceanography, monitoring undersea infrastructure, anti-submarine warfare tracking, and inspection/identification - appear most promising. Among other recommendations, the authors suggest that the U.S. Navy consolidate its unmanned system master plans and establish relevant priorities in coordination with the Office of the Secretary of Defense. Increased emphasis on the use of surface platforms rather than submarines as host platforms is recommended.
The nation is faced, currently and for the foreseeable future, with a multitude of military challenges that are unlike any seen in recent history. The enemy is diverse, not easily recognizable, and operates in atypical ways. These assymetic threats have the ability to do great harm to our maritime forces and infrastructure, and the Navy must have the ability to address and defeat them in support of national Defense objectives, while continuing to execute its traditional roles. Unmanned systems have the potential, and in some cases the demonstrated ability, to reduce risk to manned forces, to provide the force multiplication necessary to accomplish our missions, to perform tasks which manned vehicles cannot, and to do so in a way that is affordable to the nation. The Unmanned Surface Vehicle (USV) Master Plan was chartered by the Program Executive Officer for Littoral and Mine Warfare (PEO (LMW)). It provides the guide for USV development to effectively meet the Navy's strategic planning and Fleet objectives and the force transformation goals of the Department of Defense (DoD)to the year 2020. Plan development was built on the results from Workshops conducted at the Naval War College and the Fleet ASW Training Center in late 2004 and early 2006, respectively, with major analysis, synthesis, and development efforts being conducted by a USV Master Plan Core Team.
Autonomous vehicles (AVs) have been used in military operations for more than 60 years, with torpedoes, cruise missiles, satellites, and target drones being early examples.1 They have also been widely used in the civilian sector-for example, in the disposal of explosives, for work and measurement in radioactive environments, by various offshore industries for both creating and maintaining undersea facilities, for atmospheric and undersea research, and by industry in automated and robotic manufacturing. Recent military experiences with AVs have consistently demonstrated their value in a wide range of missions, and anticipated developments of AVs hold promise for increasingly significant roles in future naval operations. Advances in AV capabilities are enabled (and limited) by progress in the technologies of computing and robotics, navigation, communications and networking, power sources and propulsion, and materials. Autonomous Vehicles in Support of Naval Operations is a forward-looking discussion of the naval operational environment and vision for the Navy and Marine Corps and of naval mission needs and potential applications and limitations of AVs. This report considers the potential of AVs for naval operations, operational needs and technology issues, and opportunities for improved operations.
The United States faces decisions requiring information about the oceans in vastly expanded scales of time and space and from oceanic sectors not accessible with the suite of tools now used by scientists and engineers. Advances in guidance and control, communications, sensors, and other technologies for undersea vehicles can provide an opportunity to understand the oceans' influence on the energy and chemical balance that sustains humankind and to manage and deliver resources from and beneath the sea. This book assesses the state of undersea vehicle technology and opportunities for vehicle applications in science and industry. It provides guidance about vehicle subsystem development priorities and describes how national research can be focused most effectively.
The future of U.S. Naval Operations can be described by a simple system of requirements and constraints. Increasing the diversity and scope of mission requirements, while being constrained by decreasing budget resources, requires some form of equalization to maintain a constant rate of successful mission fulfillment. The solution to this system can be found in unmanned vehicle development. The most recent revision of the Navy Unmanned Undersea Vehicle (UUV) Master Plan outlined the need to develop a cost-effective, flexible program by maximizing modularity and commonality of UUVs. This thesis investigates the convergence of three main areas of UUV development; mission flexibility, modular control systems, and hardware in-the-loop testing and analysis. This work also evaluates the feasibility of a potential solution to support those objectives. Hardware-in-the-loop simulation and testing of embedded systems is a proven method for effectively testing complex systems, helping to reduce the risks of developing or deploying an ineffective costly system. An innovative glider design by the University of Toulon, France is the subject of this study. Unlike most rigid-hull gliders, the scalable free-flood volume of this vehicle holds the promise of carrying significant payload as long as overall buoyancy remains neutral. The research and development described in this thesis utilizes an existing planning and simulation tool, combined with an improved low-cost embedded-system robot controller, to test and evaluate a new free-flood, long-range gliding underwater vehicle. This proposed solution utilizes both open-source hardware and software solutions to design a prototype gliding underwater vehicle. Further work is needed to demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of this design.
The US Navy's Unmanned Undersea Vehicle (UUV) Master Plan (April 2000) calls for adopting a more modular design philosophy and the establishment of standards for better integration of future UUV systems. In early 2002, a study team was formed with representatives from 5 Navy laboratories. Existing standards and systems have been examined, as well as soliciting industry input. Six draft standards were generated from this year's effort: 1) UUV Control Architecture and Software. 2) Propulsion and Hotel Power Bus. 3) Communications Protocols. 4) Data Storage. 5) UUV CPU backbone Architecture. 6) Electrical Connectors. Future efforts may include establishing standards for UUV modules and the development of guidelines for a modular common mission planner. Further industry and academic input is being sought for the further development of these and other standards.