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"He is beautiful and radiant with great splendor ... " St. Francis, from Cantico del sole Two decades have elapsed since the publication of Solar Prominences, 20 years that have seen a nearly phenomenal increase in the interest, as well as the infor mation, concerning these fascinating and beautiful manifestations of solar ac tivity. During this period many meetings have been held, and several books and proceedings have been published, all dealing with specific aspects of solar prominences. However, no unifying and comprehensive accord has appeared. Recently some of my colleagues suggested that the time was ripe for a new addition of Solar Prominences, and Kluwer Academic Publishers wanted to pub lish such a book. I, therefore, venture to present this monograph in the hope of kindling the interest of some graduate students in the study of this-probably the most spectacular and often the most beautiful of solar activity manifestation. However, since it is the physical processes behind these events that will particu larly interest us, I also hope the book may be of help to some of my colleagues. In a rapidly developing field of science it is difficult, if not impossible, to present an overview that is up to date in every respect. I have made nearly every effort to include the latest contributions in the broad area of prominence research, but I am sure I have overlooked some important investigations. For these oversights, I apologize.
o beaute sans seconde SeuIe sembIabIe Ii toi SOLEIL pour tout Ie monde ... JEAN-FRANc;OIS SARASIN (1615-1654) The last decade has seen the publication of monographs covering most areas of solar activity: flares (Smith and Smith, 1963), sunspots (Bray and Loughhead, 1964) and the corona (Billings, 1966). Consequently, of all the major manifestations of solar activity only prominences are without a comprehensive and unified treatment in the current literature. The present book is written in an attempt to remedy this situation, and to furnish an account of some of the most spectacular and most beautiful aspects of solar activity. Our ultimate aim is an understanding of the physical processes involved. I hope that this book may provide if only a small step toward this goal. After an historical introduction and some general definitions Chapter I proceeds with an account of several classification schemes for prominences. Most of the observational material is presented in Chapter II and forms the basis on which different models of prominences are built in Chapter III. Chapters IV and V give most of the physics of prominences, treating, as they do, the formation and stability of these objects. The interaction of prominences with other manifestations of solar activity is the subject of Chapter VI, and the final Chapter VII considers prominences in the larger context: as an integral part of the corona.
This volume presents the latest research results on solar prominences, including new developments on e.g. chirality, fine structure, magnetism, diagnostic tools and relevant solar plasma physics. In 1875 solar prominences, as seen out of the solar limb, were described by P.A. Secchi in his book Le Soleil as "gigantic pink or peach-flower coloured flames". The development of spectroscopy, coronagraphy and polarimetry brought tremendous observational advances in the twentieth century. The authors present and discuss exciting new challenges (resulting from observations made by space and ground-based telescopes in the 1990s and the first decade of the 21st century) concerning the diagnostics of prominences, their formation, their life time and their eruption along with their impact in the heliosphere (including the Earth). The book starts with a general introduction of the prominence “object” with some historical background on observations and instrumentation. In the next chapter, the various forms of prominences are described with a thorough attempt of classification. Their thermodynamic (and velocity) properties are then derived with emphasis on the methods (and their limits) used. This goes from the simplest optically thin case to the heavy radiative treatment of plasmas out of local thermodynamic equilibrium. The following chapters are devoted to the magnetic field measurements and indirect derivation. A new branch of diagnostic tools, the seismology, is presented along with some MHD basics. This allows to better understand the propagation of waves, the energy and force equilibria. Both small-scale and large-scale studies and their relationship are presented. The importance of the newly discovered cavities is stressed in the context of prominence destabilization. The issues of prominence formation and eruption, their connection with flares and Coronal Mass Ejections and their impact on the Earth are addressed on the basis of the latest results. Finally, an exciting new area of research is unveiled with the newly discovered evidence of similar manifestations in the Universe and their possible impact on the habitability of exoplanets. References to the basic physics (where necessary) are provided and the proposed web sites addresses will allow the reader to load exciting movies. The book is aimed at advanced students in astrophysics, post-graduates, solar physicists and more generally astrophysicists. Amateurs will enjoy the many new images which go with the text.
This advanced textbook reviews the complex interaction between the Sun's plasma atmosphere and its magnetic field.
" ... Concise explanations and descriptions - easily read and readily understood - of what we know of the chain of events and processes that connect the Sun to the Earth, with special emphasis on space weather and Sun-Climate."--Dear Reader.
o beaute sans seconde SeuIe sembIabIe Ii toi SOLEIL pour tout Ie monde ... JEAN-FRANc;OIS SARASIN (1615-1654) The last decade has seen the publication of monographs covering most areas of solar activity: flares (Smith and Smith, 1963), sunspots (Bray and Loughhead, 1964) and the corona (Billings, 1966). Consequently, of all the major manifestations of solar activity only prominences are without a comprehensive and unified treatment in the current literature. The present book is written in an attempt to remedy this situation, and to furnish an account of some of the most spectacular and most beautiful aspects of solar activity. Our ultimate aim is an understanding of the physical processes involved. I hope that this book may provide if only a small step toward this goal. After an historical introduction and some general definitions Chapter I proceeds with an account of several classification schemes for prominences. Most of the observational material is presented in Chapter II and forms the basis on which different models of prominences are built in Chapter III. Chapters IV and V give most of the physics of prominences, treating, as they do, the formation and stability of these objects. The interaction of prominences with other manifestations of solar activity is the subject of Chapter VI, and the final Chapter VII considers prominences in the larger context: as an integral part of the corona.