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Together with Mauritius, Botswana is often categorized as one of two growth miracles in sub-Saharan Africa. Due to its spectacular long-run economic performance and impressive social development, it has been termed both an economic success story and a developmental state. While there is uniqueness in the Botswana experience, several aspects of the country’s opportunities and challenges are of a more general nature. Throughout its history, Botswana has been both blessed and hindered by its natural resource abundance and dependency, which have influenced growth periods, opportunities for economic diversification, strategies for sustainable economic and social development, and the distribution of incomes and opportunities. Through a political economy framework, Hillbom and Bolt provide an updated understanding of an African success story, covering the period from the mid-19th century, when the Tswana groups settled, to the present day. Understanding the interaction over time between geography and factor endowments on the one hand, and the development of economic and political institutions on the other, offers principle lessons from Botswana’s experience to other natural resource rich developing countries.
The definitive field guide to the birds of Botswana Here is the ultimate field guide to Botswana's stunningly diverse birdlife. Covering all 597 species recorded to date, Birds of Botswana features more than 1,200 superb color illustrations, detailed species accounts, seasonality and breeding bars, and a color distribution map for each species. Drawing on the latest regional and national data, the book highlights the best birding areas in Botswana, provides helpful tips on where and when to see key species, and depicts special races and morphs specific to Botswana. This is the first birding guide written by a Botswana-based ornithologist and the only one dedicated specifically to Botswana. Portable and easy to use, Birds of Botswana is the essential travel companion for anyone visiting this remarkable country. Covers all 597 species of birds found in Botswana, including subspecies and color variants specific to Botswana Features more than 1,200 color illustrations—with more than one illustration for species where the sexes and ages differ Includes detailed species accounts, seasonality and breeding bars, and color distribution maps Draws on the latest bird data and the expertise of leading birders in Botswana
This book considers cultural heritage and the sustainable development of tourism from an African perspective, with Botswana as the main point of reference. Within the African context, Botswana is renowned for its abundance of cultural heritage and appeal to tourists. The collection reconciles the growing demand to commodify cultural heritages, the quest for cultural heritage preservation and management, and the focus on sustainable tourism development in Botswana. As such, the book is an appraisal of, and meditation on, the business-side of cultural heritage management and the value that cultural heritage resources have at a personal, local and national level. It is an exploration of the nature of Botswana’s cultural heritage, the politics and policies that underpin that heritage, the development of cultural heritage tourism as a sustainable business, the country’s cultural heritage experiences and products, and a confrontation of the hard questions about cultural heritage and the future. As an introductory text, the book gives tourists, tourism students and academics, as well as tourism entrepreneurs, policymakers, and practitioners a basis on which to make decisions.
Indigenous peoples in international law --Historical overview --"Indigenous peoples" : term, concepts, and definitions --Differentiation from the term "Minority" --Special indigenous rights or special circumstances? : indigenous protection standards, rights of freedom, and self-determination --Sources of law --Binding norms --ILO convention 169 --UN convention on biological diversity --"Soft law" instruments --Agenda 21, chapter 26 (1992) --UN declaration on the rights of indigenous peoples --Declarations and policies of various international bodies --Indigenous rights as part of customary international law --"Sources of Life" : lands and natural resources --Material standards of protection --Cause of action --The relationship between indigenous peoples and their territories --Collective land rights --Scope of indigenous territories --Restriction of alienation and disposal --Universal human rights treaties --Right of ownership --Right to culture --Right to private and family life --Jurisdiction of international monitoring bodies --Human rights committee --Committee on the elimination of racial discrimination --Sources of freedom and equality : self-determination --"Being indigenous in Africa" : legal developments of indigenous peoples law in Africa --Historical overview --Nature conservation v. human rights protection --African initiatives for the protection of indigenous rights --"Indigenous peoples in Africa" : applying the concept --Indigenous rights in the African context --Regional indigenous rights --The African charter on human and peoples' rights --The African commission on human and peoples' rights --The African court on human and peoples' rights --National indigenous rights --Selected constitutional guarantees --Jurisdiction using the example of South Africa --The case of the ... Khomani San --Richtersveld case --Excursus : "Aboriginal title" --"Aboriginal title" before the South African constitutional --Court --"Hoodia Gordonii" case --Legal perspectives of San Communities --Terminology : San, "Bushmen", Basarwa, Khoesan, N/oakwe or Kwe? --Historical overview until the end of colonial times --Regional historical differences --Botswana --Namibia --South Africa --The "Northern San" --Refiections on indigenous legal perspectives and world views --Botswana : state and society --Sociopolitical history --Pre-colonial phase --Protectorate bechuanaland --Republic of botswana --Sources of law and legal pluralism --Constitutional law --Customary law --Common and statutory law --International law --Fundamental and human rights --San in Botswana --San as citizens : Basarwa and/or Batswana? --Dominant views of the San in Botswana --Development policies --Remote area development programme --Community based natural resource management --Development : nature conservation : a contradiction? --NGO initiatives --National San NGOs --Regional San NGOs --"The lost lands" : relocation from the central Kalahari game reserve --History of the central Kalahari game reserve --The relocation of the G wi and Gana (San) --The legal dispute over the (temporarily?) "Lost lands" --Roy Sesana v. government of Botswana --Termination of basic and essential services --Restoration of basic and essential services --Lawful occupation --Deprivation of land possession --Special game licences --Access to the central Kalahari game reserve (CKGR) --Conclusions --Consequences of the high Court's decision : summary --The legal dispute over access to water --Matsipane Mosetlhanyane, Gakenyatsiwe Matsipane & further applicants v. Attorney general of Botswana --Matsipane Mosetlhanyane & Gakenyatsiwe Matsipane v. Attorney General of Botswana, court of appeal --Consequences of the courts' decisions : summary --Conclusion --The return of the outlaws : an Epilogue by Werner zips --Appendix --Examples of indigenous peoples in Africa (not exhaustive!) --Abbreviations --Bibliography --(Selected) legal texts --International instruments --National laws, regulations and policies --Court cases --Interviews --Index of figures --Index --About the authors.
This case study of Botswana focuses on the state-building qualities of biodiversity conservation in southern Africa. Drawing on extensive fieldwork, Annette A. LaRocco argues that discourses and practices related to biodiversity conservation are essential to state building in the postcolonial era. These discourses and practices invoke the ways the state exerts authority over people, places, and resources; enacts and remakes territorial control; crafts notions of ideal citizenship and identity; and structures economic relationships at the local, national, and global levels. The book’s key innovation is its conceptualization of the “conservation estate,” a term most often used as an apolitical descriptor denoting land set aside for the purpose of conservation. LaRocco argues that this description is inadequate and proposes a novel and much-needed alternative definition that is tied to its political elements. The components of conservation—control over land, policing of human behavior, and structuring of the authority that allows or disallows certain subjectivities—render conservation a political phenomenon that can be analyzed separately from considerations of “nature” or “wildlife.” In doing so, it addresses a gap in the scholarship of rural African politics, which focuses overwhelmingly on productive agrarian dynamics and often fails to recognize that land nonuse can be as politically significant and wide reaching as land use. Botswana is an ideal empirical case study upon which to base these theoretical claims. With 39 percent of its land set aside for conservation, Botswana is home to large populations of wildlife, particularly charismatic megafauna, such as the largest herd of elephants on the continent. Utilizing more than two hundred interviews, participant observation, and document analysis, this book examines a series of conservation policies and their reception by people living on the conservation estate. These phenomena include securitized antipoaching enforcement, a national hunting ban (2014–19), restrictions on using wildlife products, forced evictions from conservation areas, limitations on mobility and freedom of movement, the political economy of Botswana’s wildlife tourism industry, and the conservation of globally important charismatic megafauna species.
Botswana Ecology & Nature Protection Laws and Regulation Handbook
This study on the status of the environment in Botswana demonstrates that despite inadequate resources, some progress has been made to meet the objectives or mandates of the country's National Conservation Strategy. It indicates that natural resource conservation and management legislation does exist, and achievable goals have been set; however there is presently less success in minimising unsustainable resource use. It gives as the principal reason, the poor enforcement of legislation. The authors make recommendations for improvement under the headings: implementing incentives and disincentives on natural resources; involving local communities in natural conservation efforts; developing and elevating the status of the National Conservation Strategy, identifying external forces of change, enforcing environmental impact assessment legislation and eliminating overlaps within the current legislation.