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This eBook has been formatted to the highest digital standards and adjusted for readability on all devices. Saga of the Greenlanders and Erik the Red's Saga are the main literary sources of information for the Norse exploration of North America. These sagas relate the colonization of Greenland by Erik the Red and his followers and they describe several expeditions further west led by Erik's children and Þorfinnr "Karlsefni" Þórðarson.
The 'Saga of the Greenlanders & Erik the Red' presents an enriching collection that weaves through the fabric of Norse exploration, combining legendary narratives with historical accounts. This anthology juxtaposes various literary styles, from the epic sagas that have shaped our understanding of Viking expeditions to the detailed annals recounting daily lives in harsh, uncharted territories. Its significance lies in the compilation of works that offer a panoramic view of Norse culture and exploration, with pieces that stand out for their depth in exploring the trials and resilience of these early adventurers. The range of literary styles serves as a testament to the diversity and complexity of the Norse literary tradition, providing readers with a comprehensive understanding of its thematic richness and historical depth. John Sephton and Arthur Middleton Reeves, the editors and translators of this collection, bring together their scholarly expertise and deep appreciation for Norse literature. Their backgrounds in medieval studies and Norse traditions lend a critical eye to the selection, ensuring a cohesive blend of narratives that truly embody the spirit of Norse exploration. This anthology aligns with significant cultural and literary movements by highlighting the sagas' contributions to our understanding of pre-modern European narratives, reflecting on themes of exploration, survival, and the human spirit. 'Readers looking to immerse themselves in the saga tradition of the Norse will find 'Saga of the Greenlanders & Erik the Red' an indispensable collection. It offers a unique opportunity to explore the narratives that have captivated scholars and enthusiasts alike, providing a window into the Viking age's societal values, beliefs, and worldviews. This anthology is not just a historical or literary journey; it is an invitation to experience the breadth of Norse culture through the eyes of its people, making it an essential read for anyone interested in medieval literature, exploration narratives, or the saga tradition itself.
The story of the Vikings in North America as both fact and fiction, from the westward expansion of the Norse across the North Atlantic in the tenth and eleventh centuries to the myths and fabrications about their presence there that have developed in recent centuries. Tracking the saga of the Norse across the North Atlantic to America, Norse America sets the record straight about the idea that the Vikings 'discovered' America. The journey described is a continuum, with evidence-based history and archaeology at one end, and fake history and outright fraud at the other. In between there lies a huge expanse of uncertainty: sagas that may contain shards of truth, characters that may be partly historical, real archaeology that may be interpreted through the fictions of saga, and fragmentary evidence open to responsible and irresponsible interpretation. Norse America is a book that tells two stories. The first is the westward expansion of the Norse across the North Atlantic in the tenth and eleventh centuries, ending (but not culminating) in a fleeting and ill-documented presence on the shores of the North American mainland. The second is the appropriation and enhancement of the westward narrative by Canadians and Americans who want America to have had white North European origins, who therefore want the Vikings to have 'discovered' America, and who in the advancement of that thesis have been willing to twist and manufacture evidence in support of claims grounded in an ideology of racial superiority.
"Brown's enthusiasm is infectious as she re-teaches us our history."--The Boston Globe Five hundred years before Columbus, a Viking woman named Gudrid sailed off the edge of the known world. She landed in the New World and lived there for three years, giving birth to a baby before sailing home. Or so the Icelandic sagas say. Even after archaeologists found a Viking longhouse in Newfoundland, no one believed that the details of Gudrid's story were true. Then, in 2001, a team of scientists discovered what may have been this pioneering woman's last house, buried under a hay field in Iceland, just where the sagas suggested it could be. Joining scientists experimenting with cutting-edge technology and the latest archaeological techniques, and tracing Gudrid's steps on land and in the sagas, Nancy Marie Brown reconstructs a life that spanned--and expanded--the bounds of the then-known world. She also sheds new light on the society that gave rise to a woman even more extraordinary than legend has painted her and illuminates the reasons for its collapse. "Brown rightly leaves scholarly work to scholars. Instead, her account presents an enthusiastic appreciation of her education in how fieldwork and literature offer insights into the past."--The Seattle Times "[Brown has] a lovely ear for storytelling."--Los Angeles Times Book Review NANCY MARIE BROWN is the author of A Good Horse Has No Color and Mendel in the Kitchen. She lives in Vermont with her husband, the writer Charles Fergus.
The Saga of the Greenlanders and Eirik the Red’s Saga contain the first ever descriptions of North America, a bountiful land of grapes and vines, discovered by Vikings five centuries before Christopher Columbus. Written down in the early thirteenth century, they recount the Icelandic settlement of Greenland by Eirik the Red, the chance discovery by seafaring adventurers of a mysterious new land, and Eirik’s son Leif the Lucky’s perilous voyages to explore it. Wrecked by storms, stricken by disease and plagued by navigational mishaps, some survived the North Atlantic to pass down this compelling tale of the first Europeans to talk with, trade with, and war with the Native Americans.
Selected by Gwyn Jones--the eminent Celtic scholar--for their excellence and variety, these nine Icelandic sagas include "Hen-Thorir," "The Vapnfjord Men," "Thorstein Staff-Struck," "Hrafnkel the Priest of Frey," "Thidrandi whom the Goddesses Slew," "Authun and the Bear," "Gunnlaug Wormtongue," "King Hrolf and his Champions," and the title piece.
Iceland was the last country in Europe to become inhabited, and we know more about the beginnings and early history of Icelandic society than we do of any other in the Old World. This world was vividly recounted in The Book of Settlements, first compiled by the first Icelandic historians in the thirteenth century. It describes in detail individuals and daily life during the Icelandic Age of Settlement.
Five-hundred and eleven years before Columbus discovered the West Indies, Eirik Thorwaldsson, or more commonly Eirik the Red, discovered, and explored the rugged coasts of Greenland, only later to lead the first established colony in North America.
One of the most arresting stories in the history of exploration, these two Icelandic sagas tell of the discovery of America by Norsemen five centuries before Christopher Columbus. Together, the direct, forceful twelfth-century Graenlendinga Saga and the more polished and scholarly Eirik's Saga, written some hundred years later, recount how Eirik the Red founded an Icelandic colony in Greenland and how his son, Leif the Lucky, later sailed south to explore - and if possible exploit - the chance discovery by Bjarni Herjolfsson of an unknown land. In spare and vigorous prose they record Europe's first surprise glimpse of the eastern shores of the North American continent and the natives who inhabited them.