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Distinguished author and lawyer Ron Crosby brilliantly rewrites his seminal The Musket Wars on a thematic basis, simplifying it to a concise work full of maps and illustrations for the general reader. Years of presentations to schools and groups is reflected in this dynamic new approach. Muskets, potatoes and other introductions fundamentally altered the balance of power in 19th-century Aotearoa, leading to inter-iwi conflicts over almost 40 years that claimed tens of thousands of lives (killing, wounding or displacing up to half of the Māori population). This important work will further understanding of how the boom of muskets continues to echo in New Zealand today. And it needs to — the wars are still neglected by government and glossed over by other histories. The Forgotten Wars ensures these epic conflicts will be remembered.
First published in 1999, with an introduction by the late Michael King, The Musket Wars established Ron Crosby's reputation as a daring, original chronicler of New Zealand history. This best-selling history provides the first comprehensive account of the wars that ravaged the country in the early 1800s, when iwi with newly acquired muskets unleashed terrible utu (revenge) on foes, helped by other introductions like potatoes that fuelled long-range taua (war parties). Ron Crosby weaves the strands of this conflict into an immensely readable narrative, guiding the reader through its complexities with lists of protagonists, a chronology, indexes and above all, superb maps and illustrations. This volume updates the revised 2001 edition, with improved scans of many images.
'So they went forth, and they were given over to death by the guns.' -Rangipito, of Ngati Rahiri In the two decades before the Treaty of Waitangi, New Zealand was ripped asunder by island-spanning waves of warfare, extreme violence and cannibalism. Great war parties surged the length of the land to avenge historic grievances, killing and burning as they went. Whole peoples were uprooted and found new homes. Despite the name given them by history, one thing we can be certain about is that these dramatic conflicts were not simply 'musket' wars. This was an age of courage, of heroism, of great character and of astonishing deeds. And they are not dead history. Twenty-first-century New Zealand has been profoundly shaped by them, not least in the location of most of the major cities. In Guns and Utu, historian Matthew Wright disputes the many mythologies of these wars, examining some of the whys and wherefores of this generation-long culture collision. 'A spectacular book.' -Don Rood, Radio New Zealand National
When the Maori tribes obtained muskets in the early 1820s, the inter-tribal warfare which broke out resulted in major massacres and thousands of deaths. The Ngapuhi tribe of the far north, under the legendary Hongi Hika, swept away all before it, conquering tribes as far south as the Bay of Plenty. The 'musket wars' rewrote the Maori landscape, changing traditional regional power balances and depopulating whole areas of the country. As a result, when Europeans arrived, they met not healthy tribes, but often weakened local groups or even deserted landscapes. This study of Maori warfare asks, What is a musket war? Were many of them simply traditional tribal encounters? And what was happening in Maori society at the time?
Between 1845 and 1872, various groups of Maori were involved in a series of wars of resistance against British settlers. The Maori had a fierce and long-established warrior tradition and subduing them took a lengthy British Army commitment, only surpassed in the Victorian period by that on the North-West Frontier of India. Warfare had been endemic in pre-colonial New Zealand and Maori groups maintained fortified villages or pas. The small early British coastal settlements were tolerated, and in the 1820s a chief named Hongi Hika travelled to Britain with a missionary and returned laden with gifts. He promptly exchanged these for muskets, and began an aggressive 15-year expansion. By the 1860s many Maori had acquired firearms and had perfected their bush-warfare tactics. In the last phase of the wars a religious movement, Pai Maarire ('Hau Hau'), inspired remarkable guerrilla leaders such as Te Kooti Arikirangi to renewed resistance. This final phase saw a reduction in British Army forces. European victory was not total, but led to a negotiated peace that preserved some of the Maori people's territories and freedoms.
Challenges the longstanding view that the rifle musket revolutionized warfare during the Civil War, arguing instead that its actual impact was real but limited and specialized.
The wars of the border-land, Nga-Puhi and other -- Battle of Moremo-nui, Nga-Puhi v. Ngati-Whatua -- Further wars on the border-land -- The Great Epidemic -- Early northern expedition to the south -- Muru-paenga's first expedition to Taranaki -- Tau-kawau's first expedition to Taranaki -- Marsden's first visit to Bay of Islands -- Te Morenga and Hongi visit the East Cape -- Tu-whare and Te Rauparaha's expedition to Port Nicholson -- Death of Tu-whare -- The Wai-te-mata and Thames -- War at Te Roto-a-Tara -- Death of Nahu, fights at Te Aratipi, &c. -- Marsden's visit to Hauraki and Kaipara -- Cruise's visit to Waitemata and Hauraki -- Te Moregna's visiti to the Thames -- Te Moregna's visit to Tauranga -- Marsden visits Katikati -- Koriwhai's death -- Titore and Te Wera's expedition to East Cape, and fall of Te Whetu-mata-rau -- Waipaoa -- Te Morenga's visit to Tamaki, death of Korperu -- Fall of Mauinaina to Hongi -- Fall of Te Totara pa to Hongi -- Pomare's raid to Tuhua-- |a Death of Te Pae-o-te-rangi at Rotorua -- "Te Amio-whenua" expedition -- Battle of Te Motou-nui, Taranaki -- Fall of Matakitaki to Hongi -- Pomare's first visit to the Urewera Country -- Te Roto-a-Tara (Kaupapa) -- Fall of Mokoia, Rotorua, to Hongi -- Pomare and Te Wera-Hamaki's expedition to the south -- Pomare's pease with Ngati-Porou -- Te Wera settles at Te Mahia Peninsula -- Te Wera's doings at Heretaunga -- Te Pakake -- Peace between Nga-Puhi and Waikato -- The "Coquille" at the Bay of Islands -- Troubles at Whangarei -- Death of Te Toroa and Rangi-wai-tatao, at Wairoa -- Te Mau-tara-nui visits the Bay of Islands -- The fall of Titirangi, Puke-karoro, &c., pas, Hawke's Bay -- Moumou-kai, Wai-kotero, Puke-Karoro -- Battle of Te Ika-a-ranga-nui, Kaipara -- Death of Te Mau-tara-nui -- Fall of Pohatu-roa, Hawke's Bay -- Fall of Waihau -- Fall of Noho-awatea, Waikato -- Pomare's death -- Death of Muru-paenga -- The Wai-te-mata in 1827 (D'Urville's account-- |a Rangi-tuke's expedition -- Tawa-tawhiti fight -- Rangi-tukia's expedition -- Hongi Hika, his death -- Taking of the "Hawes" -- The death of Ngarara -- The girls' war -- Ahuahu and Motiti (Te Haramiti's expedition) -- Pukerangi's expedition to Waikato -- Titore's first expedition to Tauranga -- Matamatat -- Titore's second expedition to Tauranga -- Puckey's visit to Te Reinga -- Toka-a-kuku -- Expedition to the Great Barrier -- The coming of the white man.
‘Us Maoris used to practice slavery just like them poor Negroes had to endure in America . . .' says Beth Heke in Once Were Warriors. ‘Oh those evil colonials who destroyed Maori culture by ending slavery and cannibalism while increasing the life expectancy,' wrote one sarcastic blogger. So was Maori slavery ‘just like' the experience of Africans in the Americas and were British missionaries or colonial administrators responsible for ending the practice? What was the nature of freedom and unfreedom in Maori society and how did that intersect with the perceptions of British colonists and the anti-slavery movement? A meticulously researched book, Outcasts of the Gods? looks closely at a huge variety of evidence to answer these questions, analyzing bondage and freedom in traditional Maori society; the role of economics and mana in shaping captivity; and how the arrival of colonists and new trade opportunities transformed Maori society and the place of captives within it.
The New Zealand Wars of the 1840s and 1860s, other nineteenth-century military encounters, the South African War, the First and Second World Wars, Korea, Malaya, Vietnam, the Gulf War, modern-day peacekeeping . . . The Penguin Book of New Zealanders at War contains the best, widest range of published and non-published written material on our people in warfare. This is a soldier's book - thus letters, diaries, journalists' reports, memoirs. The focus is on actual experience and on human responses to war. A vast array of personal experiences is covered, including POWs, the home front, medical/nursing efforts, as well as coverage of conscientious objectors.