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This book is focused on militarization as the nucleus of EU space policy and the interrelatedness of European security, industrial competitiveness, and military capabilities in the shaping of this policy. The EU and key member states have increasingly joined the US, China and Russia, among others, in regarding space assets as critical military, as well as economic, industrial, and technological, enablers. This book tackles this issue by, first, shedding light on the military aspects of EU space policy, with special emphasis on the security and defence dimensions of projects such as Galileo, Copernicus, Space Situational Awareness, and Satellite Communication. In this context, contributors confront the empirical aspect of developments, including the role of different institutional actors and the involvement of specific member states. Further, the volume analyses the discursive, ideological, normative, and theoretical foundations of the use of space by the EU for strategic purposes, drawing on the broad spectrum of European integration/International Relations theory. Last, but not least, the volume discusses initiatives outside the EU by key global space players, with an emphasis on the US and transatlantic space relations. All chapters maintain a solid empirical foundation, in the form of geographical or issue-related focus, with an area-specific emphasis on the EU as a whole, transatlantic relations, the policies of key member states (such as France and Italy), and core space powers such as the US, China and India. This book will be of much interest to students of space power, security studies, European politics and International Relations.
This volume addresses developments in European space policy and its significance for European integration, using discourse theory as a framework. It seeks to address the developments in European space policy by examining several sensitive security questions linked in general with space activities, on the one hand, and the interplay between space policy and security policy in the European Union (EU) on the other. The book argues that defence and security matters should be studied for a better understanding of space projects in their historical, political, economic, legal and social context. The volume seeks to answer the following key questions: • What can space policy contribute to European identity formation and the integration process? • What are the interests of member states/EU institutions in space? • How is space policy perceived by European institutions, and how have they been engaged in the policy process to promote activity in space? • In which ways is the EU engaged in space, in terms of policy areas, e.g. foreign policy, industrial policy, security and defence policies? • What is the impact of institutions on the policy-making process in European space policy? This book will be of interest to students of EU policy, space policy, discourse studies and International Relations in general.
In the modern world, technical issues define space policy. Missing from discussions of space policy, however, is a consideration of the political consequences of new space endeavors, particularly in the context of the European Union. This book, therefore, approaches space policy instead from the discipline of European studies and analyzes the European integration process through the lenses of political science, history, economics, and international relations. The strengths of each discipline are used to apply theoretical approaches to current issues in European space policy. Theorizing European Space Policy is the latest contribution to the growing debate on space policy and its role in the European integration process.
This book builds a bridge between current research in space policy and contemporary European political studies by addressing developments in European space policy and its significance for European integration. It answers questions central to European studies applying them to the burgeoning field of EU space policy and takes an interdisciplinary approach, examining space policy in the light of a range of policy areas including common foreign security policy, technology policy, transport policy and internal market. Using a theoretical framework based around notions of neo-institutionalism to evaluate the evolving nature of space policy in Europe, the book provides clear insights into the development of the sector and the resulting developments made to the European political landscape. This text will be of key interest to scholars and students of Space policy, EU studies/politics, European Studies/Politics, International Relations, Political Science, History Economics and Security Studies.
From the front jacket flap: Contrary to widespread expectations in the wake of Sputnik, outer space did not immediately become a new arena for a superpower arms competition. Although the United States and the Soviet Union began to use space extensively for military purposes, both exhibited relatively little interest in the development of space weaponry. By the beginning of the 1980s, however, an arms race in space seemed inevitable. Now both the United States and the Soviet Union have developed the means to disable satellites and are now also considering the deployment of ballistic missile defenses in space. Why were these weapons never extensively developed earlier? What changed in the late 1970s to reverse the predominant trend in the militarization of space? What are the lessons for arms control and for Soviet-American relations in general? Paul Stares addresses these fundamental questions by examining the factors that have shaped United States policy towards the military use of space and in particular the development of antisatellite weapons. States relies heavily on declassified documents found in Presidential libraries and made available under the Freedom of Information Act, and he obtained additional information from a comprehensive series of interview with former members of the U.S. government and armed services. By judicious use of this material, he provides the first detailed account of United States space weapons policy and programs. An invaluable source of information for defense analysts and scholars of international relations, The Militarization of Space is essential reading for anyone wishing to understand present United States military space policy and its implications for the future.
From the establishment of NATO in 1949, Western Europe has been under Anglo-American tutelage in military and security matters. Several countries, most notably France and (since reunification) Germany, have experienced this as a hindrance to the pursuit of their particular interests. Since 2008, the European Commission has actively joined the quest for “strategic autonomy” within NATO. The elections of Donald Trump and Emmanuel Macron in 2016-17 further widened the Atlantic rift, while the COVID-19 crisis with its colossal economic costs has, in turn, exacerbated the already worsening geopolitical tensions with states like Russia and China. With chapters on the politics and economics of European defence, on France, Germany, and Russia, the EU’s energy provision, the militarization of migration control, and the restructuring of the transatlantic bond, this volume offers an up-to-date, critical assessment of the militarization of European integration, written by established scholars in the fields of international relations and security studies.
Embark on an enlightening journey through the vast expanse of space law and policy with “Space Environment and International Politics”. Authored by experts in the field, this comprehensive volume explores the intricacies of international space law, from the development of legal frameworks to the challenges posed by space debris and the regulation of space activities. Delving into the space policies of international organizations such as the United Nations, NATO, and the European Space Agency, the book offers invaluable insights into efforts to ensure outer space security and foster sustainable space politics. Examining key issues surrounding space security and warfare, including cyber security threats and the militarization of space, the authors provide a nuanced understanding of the evolving geopolitical dynamics. With its meticulous research, insightful analysis, and balanced discussions, this book is an indispensable resource for policymakers, scholars, and practitioners navigating the complex terrain of international space law and politics. Whether you’re a seasoned professional or an aspiring student, “Space Environment and International Politics” offers a captivating glimpse into the legal, political, and technological dimensions of politics beyond Earth. CONTENTS PREFACE CHAPTER I. INTERNATIONAL LAW AND SPACE ENVIRONMENT THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL SPACE LAW… Caner Akkaya and Ozan Örmeci LEGAL STATUS OF SPACE DEBRIS. Çağla Arslan Bozkuş and Volkan Bozkuş SPACE NEGOTIATIONS THROUGH THE LENSES OF INTERNATIONAL LAW Öncel Sençerman PEACEFUL AND NON-PEACEFUL USES OF OUTER SPACE IN INTERNATIONAL LAW Tuba Taşlıcalı Koç CHAPTER II. SPACE POLICIES OF THE INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS UNITED NATIONS’ EFFORTS TO ENSURE OUTER SPACE SECURITY.. Doğan Şafak Polat NATO’s SPACE POLICY in the 2000s. Sibel Kavuncu EVOLUTION OF THE EUROPEAN SPACE AGECY (ESA): REGULATION OF SPACE IN INTERNATIONAL POLITICS. Caner Akkaya and Cenap Çakmak CHAPTER III. STATES AND SUSTAINABLE SPACE POLITICS RUSSIAN FEDERATION’S SPACE SECURITY APPROACH.. Ahmet Sapmaz TüRKIYE’S STUDIES IN THE SPACE FIELD.. Hande Ortay DEVELOPMENT OF SPACE POLICY AND LAW IN TÜRKİYE.. Onur Sabri Durak EXAMINATION OF TÜRKİYE’S SPACE POLICIES WITHIN THE SCOPE OF SUSTAINABILITY Çağlar Özer CHAPTER IV. SPACE SECURITY AND WARFARE CYBER SECURITY IN SPACE.. Serkan Gönen AN ASSESSMENT OF SPACE SECURITY: UNDERSTANDING SPACE THREAT VECTORS AND THEIR IMPACT ON MILITARY ASPECTS AND HUMAN SECURITY UNDER INTERNATIONAL LAW… Nebile Pelin Mantı ASSESSMENT OF EXPANDING SECURITY INTO SPACE AND TRANSFORMING SPACE INTO A NEW WARFIGHTING DOMAIN: OPPORTUNITIES AND THREATS. Murat Pınar and Soyalp Tamçelik MILITARY IMPORTANCE OF SPACE AND SPACE SECURITY.. Fuat İnce SPACE SECURITY PERCEPTIONS OF SPACEFARING NATIONS. Serap Gürsel EMERGING SPACE WARFARE TECHNOLOGIES AND SPACE AS A POSSIBLE THEATER OF WAR.. Serap Gürsel CHAPTER V. SPACE ENVIRONMENT AND INTERNATIONAL POLITICS SPACE SECURITY THROUGH MAIN IR THEORIES. Burak Şakir Şeker POWER BALANCE IN THE SPACE ENVIRONMENT.. Burak Şakir Şeker SPACE AND INTERNATIONAL POLITICS. Mesut Şöhret SPACE DIPLOMACY AS A GLOBAL SECURITY MEASURE IN WEAPONIZATION OF OUTER SPACE.. Tolga Erdem CHAPTER VI. TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS, SOCIAL LIFE AND SPACE CULTURE NANO AND MICRO SATELLITES AS THE PILLAR OF THE ‘NEW SPACE’ PARADIGM Fuat İnce SATELLITE POLLUTION AROUND THE WORLD.. Hüseyin Çelik CONCEPTS AND MODELS OF DESIGN FOR URBANIZATION OF SPACE.. Ersan Koç IS INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY POSSIBLE IN THE SPACE?. Gökhan Alptekin
Space policy is now a top priority in international relations. This timely Research Agenda takes the definition of space policy itself as an object of analysis rather than as an unquestioned premise. It presents the multi-faceted spectrum of elements combined within space policy which are crucially relevant to security, welfare and modern society. Expert international contributors set out a forward-looking research agenda for the 2020s, identifying key problems and conflicts related to the topic and exploring policy, regulatory approaches and diplomatic mechanisms to reach possible solutions.
Militarizing Outer Space explores the dystopian and destructive dimensions of the Space Age and challenges conventional narratives of a bipolar Cold War rivalry. Concentrating on weapons, warfare and vio​lence, this provocative volume examines real and imagined endeavors of arming the skies and conquering the heavens. The third and final volume in the groundbreaking ​European Astroculture trilogy, ​Militarizing Outer Space zooms in on the interplay between security, technopolitics and knowledge from the 1920s through the 1980s. Often hailed as the site of heavenly utopias and otherworldly salvation, outer space transformed from a promised sanctuary to a present threat, where the battles of the future were to be waged. Astroculture proved instrumental in fathoming forms and functions of warfare’s futures past, both on earth and in space. The allure of dominating outer space, the book shows, was neither limited to the early twenty-first century nor to current American space force rhetorics.
The militarization of space began as a rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union and grew to enormous proportions during the height of the Cold War. Satellite reconnaissance, navigation and weapons guidance, and electronic intelligence comprise only a few of the efforts taken to militarize and dominate space. Today as the prominence of information technology, computing, and telecommunications advances, so does the concept of space as a battlefield. In The Militarization and Weaponization of Space, Matthew Mowthorpe diligently analyzes the military space policies of the United States, the Soviet Union/Russia, and the People's Republic of China from the Cold War period to the present day. Mowthorpe focuses on the development of the ballistic missile defense and other anti-satellite systems and aptly assesses to what degree space will become armed. This work cogently addresses an issue of increasing urgency to scholars of international politics.