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Māori are disproportionately represented in criminal justice statistics to an alarming degree. This paper attempts to shed light on why this is so. It examines the issue by considering the evidence for two different (though not mutually exclusive) explanatory approaches:|that bias operates within the criminal justice system, such that any suspected or actual offending has harsher consequences for those Māori, resulting in an accumulation of individuals within the system; and|that a range of adverse early-life social and environmental factors result in Māori being at greater risk of ending up in patterns of adult criminal conflict.
The third edition of Introduction to Criminological Thought is a comprehensive update and revision of the second edition. It reports on new and important developments in criminology in both policy and practice. It is specifically focused on, and draws from, the New Zealand context and experience. The text critically examines a range of issues of concern to criminology including the nature and extent of crime in New Zealand; the disproportionate representation of Maori and other ethnic minorities in the criminal justice system; recent increases in corporate fraud and other harms; and those contemporary policies and strategies to reduce the extent and severity of crime and criminal behaviour. This text is principally designed for those who are studying crime, criminology and criminal justice, but will also be of particular interest to those with a relevant professional or occupational association and those more generally interested in crime and the way society responds to it.
In this major new textbook, leading scholars from criminology, history, journalism, law, psychology, sociology and other fields take students and general readers inside New Zealand’s criminal justice system. The authors begin with an introduction to the history and current state of crime, policing and prisons in New Zealand; they then explain the workings of criminal procedure, from evidence to sentencing; and finally they address key current issues such as Maori and the justice system, youth and gangs, psychology and the media. For students and general readers, this book tackles the big questions: How can crime be explained? Is crime rising or falling and if so, why? How do the police operate? How do the courts work? What is the meaning of a ‘life’ sentence? What is the link between crime and mental instability? Why are Maori over-represented in the criminal justice system? How do we deal with youthful offenders? How do judicial miscarriages arise? Do the stories we read about crime in the media reflect reality? And how does justice operate in the criminal underworld? This book is an important new introduction to New Zealand’s criminal justice system – from crime and policing to the courts – aimed at students and general readers.