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The Man in the Iron Mask was a prisoner arrested in 1669 and held in the Bastille and other French jails for more than three decades. His identity has been an enduring mystery because, throughout his imprisonment, the man's face was hidden by a mask, according to Sonnino. The story was even popularized in the 1998 film "The Man in the Iron Mask," starring Leonardo DiCaprio. It's a mystery that evaded even famed philosopher Voltaire and writer Alexandre Dumas. Historians have discounted the theory popularized by Voltaire and Dumas that the masked man was the twin brother of Louis XIV, according to Sonnino.
The Man in the Iron Mask (French: L'Homme au Masque de Fer; c. 1640 - 19 November 1703) was an unidentified prisoner who was arrested in 1669 or 1670 and subsequently held in a number of French prisons, including the Bastille and the Fortress of Pignerol (modern Pinerolo, Italy). He was held in the custody of the same jailer, Bénigne Dauvergne de Saint-Mars, for a period of 34 years. He died on 19 November 1703 under the name Marchioly, during the reign of King Louis XIV of France (1643-1715).Because no one ever saw his face because it was hidden by a mask of black velvet cloth, the true identity of the prisoner remains a mystery; it has been extensively debated by historians, and various theories have been expounded in numerous books and films.Among the leading theories are those proposed by writer and philosopher Voltaire: He claimed in the second edition of his Questions sur l'Encyclopédie (1771) that the prisoner wore a mask made of iron rather than of cloth, and that he was the older, illegitimate brother of Louis XIV. What little is known about the historical Man in the Iron Mask is based mainly on correspondence between Saint-Mars and his superiors in Paris. Recent research suggests that his name might have been Eustache Dauger, a man who was involved in several political scandals of the late 17th century, but this assertion has not been proven.The National Archives of France has made available online the original data relating to the inventories of the goods and papers of Saint-Mars (one inventory, of 64 pages, was drawn up at the Bastille in 1708; the other, of 68 pages, at the citadel of Sainte-Marguerite in 1691). These documents had been sought in vain for more than a century and were thought to have been lost. They were discovered in 2015, among the 100 million documents of the Minutier central des notaires de Paris [fr]. They show that some of the 800 documents in the possession of the jailer Saint-Mars were analysed after his death. These documents confirm the reputed avarice of Saint-Mars, who appears to have diverted the funds paid by the king for the prisoner. They also give a description of a cell occupied by the masked prisoner, which contained only a sleeping mat, but no luxuries, as was previously thought.The Man in the Iron Mask has also appeared in many works of fiction, most prominently in the late 1840s by Alexandre Dumas. A section of his novel The Vicomte of Bragelonne: Ten Years Later, the final installment of his D'Artagnan saga, features the Man in the Iron Mask. Here the prisoner is forced to wear an iron mask and is portrayed as Louis XIV's identical twin. Dumas also presented a review of the popular theories about the prisoner extant in his time in the chapter "L'homme au masque de fer" in the sixth volume of his non-fiction Crimes Célèbres.
The Man inside the Iron Mask (. 1640 - 19 November 1703) become an unidentified prisoner who became arrested in 1669 or 1670 and eventually held in a number of French prisons, including the Bastille and the Fortress of, Italy. He became held inside the custody of the same jailer, Bénigne Dauvergne de Saint-Mars, for a duration of 34 years. He died on 19 November 1703 under the name Marchioly, all through the reign of King Louis XIV of France (1643-1715).--Annotated Classic Edition
The story begins with a man named Baisemeaux and another man, Aramis walking to a prison cell in the Bastille, the largest and most well known prison in all of France. We are told by Baisemeaux's thoughts that he and Aramis used to be good friends, but since Aramis was promoted to a position above him they are no longer close.Baisemeaux brings Aramis to a prison cell where the latter is to hear the confession of a prisoner. But the prisoner, a despairing young man, insists that he does not want to give confession. Aramis admits to the young man that the two of them have met before and that he was formerly one of the King's musketeers. The young prisoner admits that he isn't sure what he was imprisoned for and tells Aramis a story from when he was a boy. He says that while he was growing up he was kept under house arrest and lied to about the identity of his parents. He knows that his father is dead but that his mother is still alive. The prisoner asks Aramis if unveiling his presence to the world would unleash a great scandal. Aramis confirms that it would.Aramis then tells him about the rulers of France. King Louis XIII was the king of France until very recently, but he was a weak ruler and allowed himself to be led around by a man named Cardinal Richelieu.The king was married to a woman named Anne of Austria who gave birth to twins. Shortly after that Louis XIII was replaced by Louis XIV. Aramis hands the young prisoner a portrait of the current king and also a mirror, requesting that he compare his own face to the portrait. The young man is shocked by the similarities in the comparison. Aramis tells the young man that he wishes to put him on the throne of France for he is the king's son. However, the prisoner refuses. Aramis leaves, kissing the young man's hand as a sign of respect.The next day, Aramis goes to visit his friend and fellow former musketeer, D'Artagnan in his home. D'Artagnan is being fitted for a suit. Aramis tells the tailor fitting him (who is also a tailor for the king) that the king's Superintendent of Finances, Nicolas Fouquet plans to present the king with a portrait of himself on the day of the fete and he wishes to know what the king will be wearing that day so that they can match the clothes in the portrait to his actual regal dress. He asks for fabric samples from the suits. This conversation makes D'Artagnan suspicious. Aramis leaves to go and speak to Fouquet. He tells the man how the portrait idea is fairing and requesting for a letter to be given to Monsieur de Lyonne asking for the release of a man named Seldon from the Bastille.Soon, the order comes through and Baisemeaux releases the prison named Seldon but through the clever switching of orders on the part of Aramis, the young man from the beginning of the story is the one that actually gets released. The young man is named Philippe Marchiali. Aramis offers Philippe the use of his carriage and as they drive from the prison, Aramis tells him more of the story of who he truly is and why he was imprisoned.Aramis tells Philippe that the current king, his brother, is a poor ruler and proposes that he, as the kings twin, simply exchange places with him. Philippe is hesitant to agree, as he doesn't know if he wants to be king. However, he finally agrees, asking Aramis what he wants in return. Aramis informs him that he wants to be elected pope or ascend to 'the throne of St. Peter'. Philippe agrees to this as well.Back in the city of Vaux, Fouquet is seeing to the preparations for the king's arrival. Aramis arrives and views the portrait that is to be presented to the king. He and Fouquet agree that it is perfect. The men receive word that the king's men are approaching and Aramis leaves to change his clothes. We learn that his rooms are directly above the kings and that Porthos, one of the other former musketeers, is staying next door to him.
In the months of March-July in 1844, in the magazine Le Siecle, the first portion of a story appeared, penned by the celebrated playwright Alexandre Dumas. It was based, he claimed, on some manuscripts he had found a year earlier in the Bibliotheque Nationale while researching a history he planned to write on Louis XIV. They chronicled the adventures of a young man named D'Artagnan who, upon entering Paris, became almost immediately embroiled in court intrigues, international politics, and ill-fated affairs between royal lovers. Over the next six years, readers would enjoy the adventures of this youth and his three famous friends, Porthos, Athos, and Aramis, as their exploits unraveled behind the scenes of some of the most momentous events in French and even English history.
When Aramis, one of the three musketeers, discovers that the king of France has a twin brother, he plans a coup d'état in an attempt to secretly replace King Louis with his brother Philippe. Entrusting his secret plan to Porthos, Raoul, and D'Artagnan, the friends pit themselves against the power of the French monarchy.The Man in the Iron Mask is the last volume of the D'Artagnan Romances, and has been published on its own and also as the final volume in the The Vicomte de Bragelonne: Ten Years Later, a large novel that encompasses the four final D'Artagnan volumes. The story detailed in this volume inspired the 1998 film The Man in the Iron Mask starring Leonardo DiCaprio and Jeremy Irons.
When Aramis, one of the three musketeers, discovers that the king of France has a twin brother, he plans a coup d'état in an attempt to secretly replace King Louis with his brother Philippe. Entrusting his secret plan to Porthos, Raoul, and D'Artagnan, the friends pit themselves against the power of the French monarchy.The Man in the Iron Mask is the last volume of the D'Artagnan Romances, and has been published on its own and also as the final volume in the The Vicomte de Bragelonne: Ten Years Later, a large novel that encompasses the four final D'Artagnan volumes. The story detailed in this volume inspired the 1998 film The Man in the Iron Mask starring Leonardo DiCaprio and Jeremy Irons.
Each 48-page Study Guide includes 35 reproducible exercises, teaching suggestions, background notes, chapter summaries, and answer keys.
The Man in the Iron Mask (French: L'Homme au Masque de Fer; c. 1640 - 19 November 1703) is the name given to an unidentified prisoner who was arrested in 1669 or 1670 and subsequently held in a number of Frenchprisons, including the Bastille and the Fortress of Pignerol (modern Pinerolo, Italy). Recent research suggests that his name might have been "Eustache Dauger", but this still has not been completely proven. He was held in the custody of the same jailer, Bénigne Dauvergne de Saint-Mars, for a period of 34 years. He died on 19 November 1703 under the name "Marchioly", during the reign of Louis XIV of France (1643-1715). Since no one ever saw his face because it was hidden by a mask of black velvet cloth, the true identity of the prisoner remains a mystery; it has been extensively debated by historians, and various theories have been expounded in numerous books and films.
This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book. ++++ The below data was compiled from various identification fields in the bibliographic record of this title. This data is provided as an additional tool in helping to ensure edition identification: ++++ The Man In The Iron Mask; Volume 15 Of The Romances Of Alexandre Dumas Alexandre Dumas Collier, 1910 Social Science; Penology; France; Social Science / Penology