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There are two main indigenous groups in the south of the Philippines: the Lumad and the Moro. Together, the Lumad, who have retained their traditional beliefs, and the Islamized Moro communities, regard themselves as the original inhabitants of the greater part of the island of Mindanao and the Sulu Archipelago. Both these peoples have shown themselves to be enduring in the face of Spanish and US colonization, and the policies of the predominantly Christian Philippine national government. The Philippines is a country with a low per-capita income and a growing and land-hungry population. In order to solve some of these problems, including a worsening energy crisis, the government is attempting to exploit Mindanao's abundant natural resources - but this directly conflicts with the interests of the Lumad and Moro. The situation is inextricably linked with the fact that, since 1972, the government has been engaged in a war of attrition with the Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF), who have been fighting for political control within Mindanao. THE LUMAD AND MORO OF MINDANAO outlines the origins of these two peoples, historical issues of land ownership and settlement programmes, the effect of big business and development, the campaigning strategies of the Lumad, and the Moro's journey to self-determination. Written by Professor B.R. Rodil, a member of the Tiruray Lumad community, this is a timely. and essential exploration of the situation of these two indigenous groups who have been increasingly marginalized by the central government of the Philippines. Please note that the terminology in the fields of minority rights and indigenous peoples’ rights has changed over time. MRG strives to reflect these changes as well as respect the right to self-identification on the part of minorities and indigenous peoples. At the same time, after over 50 years’ work, we know that our archive is of considerable interest to activists and researchers. Therefore, we make available as much of our back catalogue as possible, while being aware that the language used may not reflect current thinking on these issues.
This book complicates our understanding of Mindanao's history and ethnography, and outlines the beginning of an autonomous history for the marginalized Lumad peoples.
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"This study sets out to investigate the social system of a pagan group in central Mindanao which has never attracted attention previously. The intention is to describe the Manuvu' social system as it functions in the ethnographic present and as it has functioned during the recent past (up to and until 1941) in the important aspects of its social (family system and kinship system), economic, ritualistic, legal, and tribal) organizations. These aspects are studied primarily to formulate general statements concerning the nature of Manuvu' society and regularities in its structure and development by following the concept dynamically through time." --from the Introduction
This document analyzes the two main indigenous groups in the south of the Philippines. It outlines the history of the Lumad and Moro communities of Mindanao. The document discusses the effects of development and business interests in the region, and their campaigns around land issues. The Lumad and Moro accept the need to develop new sources of energy, but ask that their ancestral lands, and their ability to manage them in line with sustainable development, be recognized and respected. Both groups have maintained distinct and enduring identities in the face of Spanish and U.S. colonization, and the policies of the predominantly Christian Philippines government. The Lumad retain traditional beliefs and customs, while the Moro have embraced Islam. Inextricably linked is the 20 year old war of attrition the government has waged with the Moro National Liberation Front. The booklet contains a glossary at the beginning of the document. This is followed by a brief political history of the Philippines as background. The second chapter is an introduction to the Lumad and Moro groups of Mindanao. The next four chapters describe the Moro's struggle for self determination, Lumad objection to the Philippine National Oil Company's plan to drill geothermal wells in the area of the dormant volcano of Mount Apo, the Agus I hydroelectric plant, and prospects for problem resolution and peace. A chapter on directions for the future is included. Includes 40 references, 3 maps, and 70 notes. (DK).