Download Free The Long Term Success Of Cross Border Mergers And Acquisitions Book in PDF and EPUB Free Download. You can read online The Long Term Success Of Cross Border Mergers And Acquisitions and write the review.

Although there has been an exponential increase in the number and size of cross-border mergers during the past decade, there is little research that examines whether such deals are value-enhancing activities for shareholders of successful bidders. We investigate long-term abnormal returns to 361 successful U.S. bidders for foreign targets between 1985 and 1995. Employing a procedure recommended by Lyon et al. (1999) in order to minimize bias in calculating such returns, we find that abnormal returns are significantly negative over both a three- and a five-year window for successful bidders in cross-border mergers. We then divide the firms based upon categorizations employed by Ali and Hwang (2000), who examine country-specific factors related to the value relevance of accounting data. We hypothesize that factors which make accounting data less value-relevant (e.g., the level of alignment of financial and tax accounting) also will make it more difficult for bidding firms to price targets accurately in these countries. If this is true, bidder firms acquiring targets in these countries should realize larger negative abnormal returns. However, we find that negative abnormal returns are smaller in such countries. This may be due to a higher cost of capital for firms in these countries, resulting in a built-in discount to bidders.
Based on a sample of 230 M&A between 1981 and 2007, Jan-Peer Laabs challenges the short-term return behavior of acquirers in this industry in contrast to their long-term performance based on capital market and financial accounting information. A clearly negative yet consistent perspective on the long-term value creation potential emerges across the different empirical analyses. An additional case study on the takeover of Siemens VDO by Continental AG offers a number of valuable key success factors and insights on how to evade the negative return destiny.
This book investigates cross-border mergers and acquisitions (M&A) conducted by Chinese enterprises seeking to evaluate the pivotal factors that influence the results of this dominant form of China’s outbound direct investment. In contrast to previous studies, the author places a particular focus on the provenance of the supply side as a determinant of overseas M&A, comparing acquisitions where target companies originate from developed and developing countries. Other major indices identified include cultural and industrial differences between targets and buyers, enterprise ownership, deal payment forms, types of consolidation and the market environment. Based on investment theories, quantitative analyses and several in-depth case studies, the book elucidates how these factors synergistically determine the success or failure of an acquisition attempt and the short- and long-term performance of Chinese companies’ M&A undertakings. This work will be a practical reference for M&A practitioners as well as academics interested in transnational corporations and mergers, capital market and international investment.
Navigate cross border M&A for a flawless integration execution Cross Border Mergers and Acquisitions is a practical toolbox for corporate strategy and development professionals dealing with the many challenges involved in cross border M&A. With a detailed discussion of key market specifics and broadly-applicable critical insight, this book demystifies the cross border M&A process and provides a host of practical tools that ease strategic implementation. A geographical overview explains the trends in major M&A markets including Australia, Brazil, China, Russia, the U.K., and the U.S., and industry-specific guidance covers Financial Services, Aerospace and Defense, Health Care, Tech, Manufacturing, and more. Leading experts relate lessons learned while managing actual PMI (post merger integration) processes, and the discussion of cultural impacts and specific situational needs provides deep insight into the type of leadership a flawless integration requires. Corporate restructuring and internationalization efforts are increasingly relying on cross border mergers and acquisitions. Strategies, motives, and consequences are a complex navigational minefield, but this insightful guide provides solid, actionable guidance for leading a successful integration. Understand the region-specific details that make an impact Overcome common challenges and manage complex deals Gain practical insight and valuable tools for leading integration Learn the most current best practices for PMI® processes Cross border M&A is complex, with myriad challenges and obstacles inherent to the situation. Successful integration and a smooth transition are critical, and there's little wiggle room—it's a situation where you have only one chance to get it right. Cross Border Mergers and Acquisitions is an essential guide to the process, with key tools for execution.
Research Paper (postgraduate) from the year 2011 in the subject Business economics - Business Management, Corporate Governance, grade: none, University of Pompeu Fabra (ESCI (School of International Trade) ), language: English, abstract: Based on a review of pertinent literature, the paper discusses the role and the complexities of cross-border mergers and acquisition in firms ́ internationalization. The various stages that firms customarily go through as part of an international merger and acquisition process are outlined and debated from both a theoretical and practical perspective. Particular challenges related to the management of the post- merger integration process and complexities related to differences in national and organizational cultures, organizational design and knowledge-structures between the acquirer and the target company are discussed. It is argued that appropriate management of the merging firms ́ human resources as the merging firms ́ smallest common denominator, is the key to optimize the outcome of cross-border transactions and to achieve budgeted post-merger benefits. Based on the conceptual discussion, the paper concludes with key recommendations for how to manage a cross-border deal to minimize risks and increase the probability of achieving the objectives.
"This book investigates cross-border mergers and acquisitions (M&A) conducted by Chinese enterprises, seeking to evaluate the pivotal factors that influence the results of this dominant form of China's outbound direct investment. In contrast to previous studies, the author lays particular stress on the provenance of the supply side as a determinant of overseas M&A, comparing acquisitions where target companies originate from developed countries and those from developing countries. Other major indices identified include cultural and industrial differences between targets and buyers, enterprise ownership, deal payment forms, types of consolidation and the market environment. Based on investment theories, quantitative analyses and several in-depth case studies, the book elucidates how these factors synergistically determine the success or failure of an acquisition attempt and the short- and long-term performance of Chinese companies' M&A undertakings. This work will be a practical reference for M&A practitioners as well as academics interested in transnational corporations and mergers, capital market and international investment"--
Seminar paper from the year 2017 in the subject Business economics - Miscellaneous, grade: 1,7, University of Augsburg, language: English, abstract: As the number of international mergers and acquisitions (M&As) increased formidable during the last decades, it is a highly discussed phenomenon, which is becoming more and more important (Erel et al., 2012). Nearly 30 years ago, in 1987, there have been merely 5.000 M&As worldwide, whereas in 2016 already 50.000 M&As were concluded and latest stats even predict increasing numbers of M&As. M&A experience might both harm and help post-merger performance in international acquisitions. As stated by Schoenberg (2000) national cultural differences mainly present a strong challenge for cross-border acquisitions. Since the initial financial expectations are met simply by one half of all M&As, cultural differences might be at fault for this high failure rate (Zollo and Meier, 2008). Given that cross-border M&As consolidate two or more different cultures, it has to be taken into consideration that incidents such as differing legislations, currencies, languages and cultural norms do play an essential role. As a result of those distinctions, costs to the integration process might occur and the capability of firms to achieve synergies might be subverted. Thereby, the expected economic advantages of the merger or acquisition will be affected, too. Key factors like the integration of the participating companies in each other and enormous adaptation operations are irrecoverable to accomplish synergies and advantages of M&As. The hypothesis whether national cultural differences between acquirers and targets are likely to undermine post-merger performance has been researched myriad. An appropriate classification reclines in whether cultural differences matter, when they matter, under what conditions and in which way they do. The elaboration of this paper is based on the theory of Hofstede (1980), who was one of the first to explicitly address the impact of culture on the integration process of M&As by explaining cultural differences might generate misunderstandings and conflicts between the two merging organisations. Hence the aim of our analysis is to dissect the impact of cultural differences on the post-merger performance in international acquisitions by focussing on two out of four dimensions of Hofstede (1980) by means of the works of Ahern et al. (2009) and Huang et al. (2017).
Master's Thesis from the year 2017 in the subject Business economics - General, grade: 7.00, Maastricht University (Finance), course: International Business, language: English, abstract: Cross-border mergers and acquisitions have increased significantly over the last two decades and have substantially changed the European industry, since it has become one of the leading approaches for firms to gain access to global markets. However, there has been little progress in the research literature investigating the role of culture in explaining the success of these cross-border transactions. This paper analyzes if cross-border M&As are more valuable for acquirers between culturally similar countries by investigating the countries’ cultural distance, legal origin, trust, Hofstede’s dimensions, and corporate governance measures. The results indicate that cultural distance has a positive and negative effect on bidder announcement returns. Legal origin has a negative effect on acquirer gains in cross-border M&A whereas trust has a positive but insignificant effect. Hofstede’s dimensions have no particular effect on the data set and corporate governance measures have a strong negative effect on bidder announcement returns. The robustness checks do not alter the results.
Master's Thesis from the year 2008 in the subject Business economics - Banking, Stock Exchanges, Insurance, Accounting, grade: 8,5, Maastricht University, language: English, abstract: Mergers and Acquisitions (abbreviated M&A) within the European financial market have altered the European banking sector drastically in the past couple of decades. Walkner & Raes (2005) claim that cross-border M&As have not been a major feature of the EU banking sector, implying that domestic bank mergers dominated the merger process for a long time. From 1995 to 2006, the number of credit institutions decreased on average my approximately 7% in the eurozone, which was mainly driven by domestic merges. However, since the mid of the 1990s cross-border M&As gained momentum and play a significant role in the European banking consolidation process. Nevertheless, “cross-border M&A has never come close to exceeding domestic mergers and acquisitions” (Kleimeier et al., 2007). Despite the high level of M&A activity in Europe, relatively little research has been conducted dealing with cross-border M&As. Most of prior research applies event study methodology in order to analyze announcement effects of European bank M&As. Further, these studies focus on the question whether bank M&As in Europe have created or destroyed shareholder value. Others try to provide an in depth analysis of the factors that affect and may explain the value creation process. Altunbas et al. (2007) or Beitel et al. (2003) try to explain the M&A success in European bank mergers. However, the results often lack explanatory power. Therefore, this thesis looks at the success of cross-border M&A from a different perspective. The paper aims at understanding whether or not culture plays an important role in the success of M&As. Consequently, the study tries to identify cultural characteristics of bidder and targets, which have explanatory power for bidder returns and the combined effect of both bidder and target. The thesis has several unique features. First, the study conducts an extensive short-term and long-term analysis on cross-border M&As. Second, the results of the event studies are tested by employing accounting studies as well. Third, the thesis provides a real life example of the merger between UniCredit and HypoVereinsbank. This thesis is the first one, which extensively analyzes the following research question: Are cross-border M&As of cultural similar countries more successful?