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A reference on mental health and disasters, focused on the full spectrum of psychopathologies associated with many different types of disasters.
On Monday 30 April 2007, five men were convicted of terrorist offences relating to a plot to detonate a fertiliser bomb in the UK in 2004. The arrests were the result of a police and MI5 operation codenamed CREVICE. Following the trial, the media reported that, at the time MI5 had been investigating CREVICE, the bomb plotters had been in contact with two unidentified men now known to be Mohammed Siddique Kahn and Shazad Tanweer, two of the four men who, on 7 July 2005, detonated bombs on the London transport system, killing 52 people and injuring several hundred others. This report investigates why MI5, knowing of Khan and Tanweer, did not prevent the 2005 bombings. Part A examines what happened in Operation CREVICE and subsequently. Part B describes when MI5 came across some of the 7/7 bombers and the questions these events raise. Part C of the report considers the wider picture and lessons to be learnt. The CREVICE conspirators made over 4,000 telephone-based contacts and met many people. Throughout 2004 and 2005 these were being investigated by MI5 as they pursued other plots and unearthed still more people of interest on the sidelines of each plot. Although Khan and Tanweer were amongst those of interest, though still unidentified, they were never put under surveillance as, based on what was known about them at the time, they did not merit resources being diverted to them (as opposed to other individuals known to be involved in attack planning). The Committee cannot criticise the judgments made by MI5 and the police based on the information they had and their priorities at the time. An update to the report outlines the reason for the delay in publication pending completion of other legal proceedings and gives further evidence uncovered recently.
On title page: Return to an address of the Honourable the House of Commons dated 11th May 2006 for the .... A report by the Intelligence and Security Committee focusing on intelligence and security issues relating to the terrorist attacks is available separately (Cm 6785, ISBN 0101678525), as is the Government's reply to that report (Cm. 6786, ISBN 0101678622).
Powerful explosions rocked three underground trains in London in the morning of July 7, 2005. Another explosion occurred shortly later on a double-decker bus at Tavistock Square. Fifty-two people reportedly died in the explosions and over 700 were wounded. Numerous individuals lost limbs in the explosions. The deadly operation manifested careful planning and coordination. Four young British Muslims were named as the suicide-bombers. While the official account on the events of September 11, 2001 became etched in stone within 24 hours and remained unchanged ever since, the official account on the London bombings (hereafter 7/7) settled only after numerous modifications. In this book, the official account on the London Transport bombings will be examined in great detail. How was that account established? How reliable was the evidence adduced by the authorities? Was that account coherent? How were the suspects identified? Who gained by this mass-murder? This book demonstrates that the British authorities (a) did not demonstrate zeal in investigating events of 7/7; (b) did not produce conclusive evidence that the four accused died in the bombings and intended to kill themselves or others; (c) failed to prove that the explosions of 7/7 were caused by home-made explosives; (d) failed to carry out autopsies on the bodies of the alleged bombers and on victims; (e) failed to explain why so many security cameras did not work precisely on the morning of 7/7; (f) failed to explain the difficulties in counting the dead; (g) failed to explain why their timeline on the alleged bombers' movements was initially wrong; (h) failed to investigate the extraordinary coincidence between Peter Power's terror exercise and the actual events; (i) failed to explain what happened at Canary Wharf on the morning of 7/7. Justice has not been rendered. The victims continue to be deprived of the truth on the events. The book attempts to remedy this failure.
The 7 July Review Committee was set up to examine the lessons to be learned from the response to the London bombings on 7 July, and in particular communications issues. It contains a detailed analysis of the response to the bombings. There is no doubting the courage and determination of many thousands of individuals who responded to the attacks on London on 7 July. But while the people involved performed outstandingly, the systems and equipment that were supposed to support them did not. Our report makes 54 recommendations designed to improve the way such major incidents, and the people caught up in them, are managed.
On July 7, 2005, at the end of the morning rush hour, three near-simultaneous explosions tore apart the London Underground. Within an hour, the entire subway network was evacuated, and a fourth explosion in a bus underscored that this was a terrorist operation. The bombings shattered the British counterterrorism services' assumptions about the global neojihadi threat to Britain. Authorities pondered whether al Qaeda was a loose coalition with no clear leadership or a highly structured group with international reach that posed a clear threat to the United Kingdom. These two perspectives are not just academic disputes but raise important issues with real consequences in terms of counterterrorism strategy. What sorts of distinct measures are needed to combat these opposing forms of terrorism? What can we learn from the ways in which the London terror attacks were planned and executed—and from Britain's response? In The London Bombings, counterterrorism expert Marc Sageman seeks to answer these questions through a new detailed account and analysis of the Underground bombings as well as three other attacks directed at Britain between 2004 and 2006. Drawing on previously unavailable trial transcripts and law enforcement records, terrorists' self-documentation, and his own government experience in counterterrorism, Sageman makes the case that "top down" and "bottom up" conceptions of terror organizations need not be incompatible and that, in part because of this binary thinking, the West has tended to overreact to the severity of the threat. He stresses the fluid, chaotic ways that terrorist events unfold: spontaneously and gradually with haphazard planning—as the perpetrators are often worldly, educated, and not particularly religious before becoming engaged in neojihadi activities. The London Bombings is a vital, persuasive account of events that have not yet been properly presented to the public and are critical to the foundation of an effective counterterrorism strategy.
This is an incredibly moving account of tragedy and its aftermath, as told by Gill Hicks, survivor of the London bombings in July 2005. Gill was the last person to be pulled alive from the wreckage of the tube train at Russell Square underground station. Unidentifiable on arrival in hospital, having sustained horrific injuries which led to both of her legs being amputated, Gill was labelled as ‘One Unknown’ on her wristband and life hung in the balance for several days. She was saved by the dedication of the medical staff treating her, and by her own single-minded will to survive. This is, quite simply, a wonderful book. It is humbling, uplifting, funny and deeply moving, and it contains a message of great, yet quiet power. Gill writes with honesty, humour and courage. One Unknown is a call to us all to strive for a more tolerant and peaceful world. This paperback edition contains a new foreword - three years after the bombings happened, plus a new chapter written by Gill's husband, giving his account of the events of the past three years.
2009 Outstanding Academic Title, Choice This groundbreaking volume examines the rise and spread of suicide attacks over the past decade. Sorting through 1,270 terror strikes between 1981 and 2007, Assaf Moghadam attributes their recent proliferation to the mutually related ascendance of al Qaeda and its guiding ideology, Salafi Jihad, an extreme interpretation of Islam that rejects national boundaries and seeks to create a global Muslim community. In exploring the roots of the extreme radicalization represented by Salafism, Moghadam finds many causes, including Western dominance in the Arab world, the physical diffusion of Salafi institutions and actors, and the element of opportunity created by the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. He uses individual examples from the Middle East, Southwest Asia, and Europe to show how the elite leaders of al Qaeda and affiliated groups and their foot soldiers interact with one another and how they garner support—and a growing number of converts and attackers—from the Muslim community. Based on over a decade of empirical research and a critical examination of existing thought on suicide attacks, Moghadam distinguishes the key characteristics separating globalized suicide strikes from the traditional, localized pattern that previously prevailed. This unflinching analysis provides new information about the relationship between ideology and suicide attacks and recommends policies focused on containing Salafi Jihadism.
This heavily revised second edition provides a comprehensive multi-disciplinary resource on blast injuries. It features detailed information on the basic science, engineering, and medicine associated with blast injuries. Clear, easy to understand descriptions of the basic science are accompanied by case studies of a variety of clinical problems including heterotopic ossification, hearing damage, and traumatic brain injury, enabling the reader to develop a deep understanding of how to appropriately apply the relevant science into their clinical practice. The use of prosthetics, orthotics and osseointegration in rehabilitation is also covered. Blast Injury Science and Engineering: A Guide for Clinicians and Researchers is a valuable interdisciplinary text primarily focused towards clinical medical professionals and trainees seeking to develop a thorough understanding of injury mechanisms, and the latest treatment techniques. In addition, this resource is of use to individuals in other fields whose work centres around blast injury science such as injury mitigation researchers, military scientists and engineers.
Examining major terrorist acts and campaigns undertaken in the decade following September 11, 2001, internationally recognized scholars study the involvement of global terrorist leaders and organizations in these incidents and the planning, organization, execution, recruitment, and training that went into them. Their work captures the changing character of al-Qaeda and its affiliates since the invasions of Afghanistan and Iraq and the sophisticated elements that, despite the West's best counterterrorism efforts, continue to exert substantial direction over jihadist terrorist operations. Through case studies of terrorist acts and offensives occurring both in and outside the West, the volume's contributors investigate al-Qaeda and other related entities as they adapted to the strategies of Operation Enduring Freedom and subsequent U.S.-led global counterterrorism programs. They explore whether Osama bin Laden was indeed reduced to a mere figurehead before his death or continued to influence al-Qaeda's global activities. Did al-Qaeda become a loose collection of individuals and ideas following its expulsion from Afghanistan, or was it reborn as a transnational terrorist structure powered by a well-articulated ideology? What is the preeminent terrorist threat we face today, and what will it look like in the future? This anthology pinpoints the critical patterns and strategies that will inform counterterrorism in the coming decades.