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Reprint of the original, first published in 1876.
This book is the only account of what honeybees actually see. Bees detect some visual features such as edges and colours, but there is no sign that they reconstruct patterns or put together features to form objects. Bees detect motion but have no perception of what it is that moves, and certainly they do not recognize "things" by their shapes. Yet they clearly see well enough to fly and find food with a minute brain. Bee vision is therefore relevant to the construction of simple artificial visual systems, for example for mobile robots. The surprising conclusion is that bee vision is adapted to the recognition of places, not things. In this volume, Adrian Horridge also sets out the curious and contentious history of how bee vision came to be understood, with an account of a century of neglect of old experimental results, errors of interpretation, sharp disagreements, and failures of the scientific method. The design of the experiments and the methods of making inferences from observations are also critically examined, with the conclusion that scientists are often hesitant, imperfect and misleading, ignore the work of others, and fail to consider alternative explanations. The erratic path to understanding makes interesting reading for anyone with an interest in the workings of science but particularly those researching insect vision and invertebrate sensory systems.
Astronomers and astrophysicists are making revolutionary advances in our understanding of planets, stars, galaxies, and even the structure of the universe itself. The Decade of Discovery presents a survey of this exciting field of science and offers a prioritized agenda for space- and ground-based research into the twenty-first century. The book presents specific recommendations, programs, and expenditure levels to meet the needs of the astronomy and astrophysics communities. Accessible to the interested lay reader, the book explores: The technological investments needed for instruments that will be built in the next century. The importance of the computer revolution to all aspects of astronomical research. The potential usefulness of the moon as an observatory site. Policy issues relevant to the funding of astronomy and the execution of astronomical projects. The Decade of Discovery will prove valuable to science policymakers, research administrators, scientists, and students in the physical sciences, and interested lay readers.
The voyages of John and Sebastian Cabot and their English contemporaries were made, for the most part, in search of a westward passage to Asia, and they resulted in the revelation of North America. The evidences are printed here, with an indication of their origins. Some are obscure in meaning, incomplete in statement, or mutually contradictory; and we are left with the certainty that important documents have existed or may now exist, which are still unknown. Dr Williamson interprets the evidence we have. Parts of his undertaking are in the nature of detective work and he does not claim that his solutions are final, which would be impossible in the face of new evidence that may at any time occur. Cabot study is a continuing mental adventure. The maps are an important category of the evidence. Mr R.A. Skelton of the British Museum has contributed a treatment of them, authoritative in its explanations, and a valuable admonition on what can and cannot be expected of the material. This is a new print-on-demand hardback edition of the volume first published in 1962.
Beacon Lights of History is a fourteen volume study by American historian John Lord which covers the history and the development of civilization from the old pagan civilizations through to modern Europe and America. Table of Contents: Volume 1: The Old Pagan Civilizations Volume 2: Jewish Heroes and Prophets Volume 3: Ancient Achievements Volume 4: Imperial Antiquity Volume 5: The Middle Ages Volume 6: Renaissance and Reformation Volume 7: Great Women Volume 8: Great Rulers Volume 9: European Statesmen Volume 10: European Leaders Volume 11: American Founders Volume 12: American Leaders Volume 13: Great Writers Volume 14: The New Era