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Modern scientific research has changed so much since Isaac Newton’s day: it is more professional, collaborative and international, with more complicated equipment and a more diverse community of researchers. Yet the use of scientific journals to report, share and store results is a thread that runs through the history of science from Newton’s day to ours. Scientific journals are now central to academic research and careers. Their editorial and peer-review processes act as a check on new claims and findings, and researchers build their careers on the list of journal articles they have published. The journal that reported Newton’s optical experiments still exists. First published in 1665, and now fully digital, the Philosophical Transactions has carried papers by Charles Darwin, Dorothy Hodgkin and Stephen Hawking. It is now one of eleven journals published by the Royal Society of London. Unrivalled insights from the Royal Society’s comprehensive archives have enabled the authors to investigate more than 350 years of scientific journal publishing. The editorial management, business practices and financial difficulties of the Philosophical Transactions and its sibling Proceedings reveal the meaning and purpose of journals in a changing scientific community. At a time when we are surrounded by calls to reform the academic publishing system, it has never been more urgent that we understand its history.
Ebenezer Sibly was a quack doctor, plagiarist, and masonic ritualist in late eighteenth-century London; his brother Manoah was a respectable accountant and pastor who ministered to his congregation without pay for fifty years. Drawing on such sources as ratebooks and pollbooks, personal letters and published sermons, burial registers and horoscopes, Susan Sommers has woven together an engaging microhistory that offers useful revisions to existing scholarly accounts of brothers Ebenezer and Manoah, while locating the entire Sibly family in the esoteric byways of the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries.
Birthing the Nation analyses two intertwined narratives that shaped eighteenth-century British life: the development of the modern British state, and the emergence of the man-midwife as the pre-eminent authority over sex and childbirth. By exploring peculiar episodes in the history of the reproductive body and the body politic, from stories of pregnant men to rumours that a midwife had foisted a 'suppositious' child on the nation as the Prince of Wales, this original andprovocative work proposes how national, religious, ethnic, and gendered identities were experienced through and symbolized by birth and midwifery.
In this book, the ownership, distribution and sale of patent medicines across Georgian England are explored for the first time, transforming our understanding of healthcare provision and the use of the printed word in that era. Patent medicines constituted a national industry which was largely popular, reputable and stable, not the visible manifestation of dishonest quackery as described later by doctors and many historians. Much of the distribution, promotion and sale of patent medicines was centrally controlled with directed advertising, specialisation, fixed prices and national procedures, and for the first time we can see the detailed working of a national market for a class of Georgian consumer goods. Furthermore, contemporaries were aware that changes in the consumers’ ‘imagination’ increased the benefits of patent medicines above the effects of their pharmaceutical components. As the imagination was altered by the printed word, print can be considered as an essential ingredient of patent medicines. This book will challenge the assumptions of all those interested in the medical, business or print history of the period.
The Wiley-Blackwell Encyclopedia of Eighteenth-Century Writers and Writing1660-1789 features coverage of the lives and works of almost 500 notable writers based in the British Isles from the return of the British monarchy in 1660 until the French Revolution of 1789. Broad coverage of writers and texts presents a new picture of 18th-century British authorship Takes advantage of newly expanded eighteenth-century canon to include significantly more women writers and labouring-class writers than have traditionally been studied Draws on the latest scholarship to more accurately reflect the literary achievements of the long eighteenth century
Was the British Atlantic shaped more by imperial rivalries or by the actions of subnational groups with a variety of economic, social, and religious agendas? The Creation of the British Atlantic World analyzes the interrelationship between these competing explanations for the development of the British Atlantic by examining migration patterns on both the macro and micro level. It also scrutinizes the roles played by trade, religion, ethnicity, and class in linking Atlantic borders and the increasingly complicated legal, intellectual and emotional relationship between the British sovereign and colonial charterholders. Contributors include Joyce E. Chaplin, John E. Crowley, David Barry Gaspar, April Lee Hatfield, James Horn, Ray A. Kea, Elizabeth Mancke, Philip D. Morgan, William M. Offutt, Robert Olwell, Carole Shammas, Wolfgang Splitter, Mark L. Thompson, Karin Wulf, Avihu Zakai.
This selection of letters sent by Peter Collinson between 1725 and 1768 includes letters sent to Albrecht von Haller, Alexander Colden, Arthur Dobbs, Benjamin Cook, Benjamin Franklin, Benjamin Gale, Benjamin Smithurst, Cadwallader Colden, Carl Linnaeus, Carlo Allioni, Caspar Wettstein, Charles Lennox (3rd Duke of Richmond), Charles Lyttelton (Bishop of Carlisle), Charles Wager, Christopher Jacob Trew, Edward Cave, Edward Wright, Emmanuel Mendes Da Costa, George Parker (2nd Earl Macclesfield), Gregory Demidoff, Henrietta Maria Goldsborough, Henri-Louis Duhamel du Monceau, Henry Baker, Henry Clinton (9th Earl of Lincoln), Henry Fox (1st Baron Holland), Henry Hollyday, Jacob Theodore Klein, James Alexander, Jared Eliot, John Ambrose Beurer, John Bartram, John Blackburne, John Canton, John Custis, John Ellis, John Frederick Gronovius, John Hawkesworth, John Jacob Dillenius, John Kearsley, John Penn, John Player, John Russell (4th Duke of Bedford), John Stuart (3rd Earl of Bute), Joseph Breintnall, Joseph Hobson, Martin Folkes, Mary Collinson, Mary Lennox (Duchess of Richmond), Michael and Mary Russell, Mr. Leigh at Totridge, Peter Simon Pallas, Peter Templeman, Peter Thompson, Philip Southcote, Pieter Camper, Richard Richardson, Richard Walker, Samuel Brewer, Samuel Eveleigh, Hans Sloane, Thomas Birch, Thomas Clayton, Thomas Hay (8th Earl of Kinnoull), Thomas Pelham-Holles (1st Duke of Newcastle), Thomas Story, William Byrd II, William Pitt, William Villiers (3rd Earl of Jersey), and William Watson.
It-narratives are prose fictions that take as their central characters animals or inanimate objects. This four-volume reset collection includes numerous examples of narratives in different forms, including short stories, excerpts from novels, periodical fiction and serialized works.
Performing Authorship in Eighteenth-Century Periodicals discusses the English periodical and how it shapes and expresses early conceptions of authorship in the eighteenth century. Unique to the British eighteenth century, the periodical is of great value to scholars of English cultural studies because it offers a venue where authors hash out, often in extremely dramatic terms, what they think it should take to be a writer, what their relationship with their new mass-media audience ought to be, and what qualifications should act as gatekeepers to the profession. Exploring these questions in The Female Spectator, The Drury-Lane Journal,The Midwife, The World, The Covent-Garden Journal, and other periodicals of the early and mid-eighteenth century, Manushag Powell examines several “paper wars” waged between authors. At the height of their popularity, essay periodicals allowed professional writers to fashion and make saleable a new kind of narrative and performative literary personality, the eidolon, and arguably birthed a new cult of authorial personality. In Performing Authorship in Eighteenth-Century Periodicals, Powell argues that the coupling of persona and genre imposes a lifespan on the periodical text; the periodicals don’t only rise and fall, but are born, and in good time, they die.