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The oak tree was a boon companion as humans expanded their presence across much of the globe. While oak woodlands (Quercus spp.) come today in stunningly diverse forms, the stately dehesas of Spain and the dramatic oak-dominated ranchlands of California are working landscapes where cultivation and manipulation for a couple of millennia have shaped Mediterranean-type ecosystems into a profoundly modified yet productive environment that is sought-after by every manner of species. The grazing of wildlife and livestock in oak woodlands yields a remarkable plant and animal biodiversity, creating a mosaic of habitats and visually pleasing savannas. Added products unique to Spain such as Iberian pigs and cork, and in California multiple landowner benefits, include valued ecosystem services that allow owners, visitors, and conservation supporters to experience the benefits of woodland life. With its 15 chapters a decade in the making, this handsomely illustrated book covers key topics in oak woodland policy, ecology, and management in Spain and California, presenting new research results and reviewing an existing expert literature.
This research selected two oak woodland counties experience rapid growth and development for in-depth investigation. The potential for land use change in these hardwood rangelands, was evaluated from several perspectives using a number of different sources of information. All indicators suggested a high potential for change and continued fragmentation of the oak woodlands in these counties with land use regulation unlikely to adequately direct growth. The multifaceted approach taken in this research was effective in revealing the magnitude and complexity of forces pushing change. Conclusions provide suggestions as to regulatory and incentive measures that could lead to improved outcomes. -- Adapted from abstract.
In an earlier publication on California's forest-zone hardwoods, 22 reasons were offered for the failure of a sustained hardwood industry to develop. This report presents knowledge developed over the past 18 years on each of these reasons. Progress is reflected in society's shift from a negative to a positive attitude towards the hardwood industry, better estimates of the inventory base and resource values, the advent of small portable sawmills, better lumber drying schedules and equipment, and recognizing the need to furnish promotional material to architects, wholesalers, retailers, and consumers. Realization that the many and complex hardwood ecosystems have value far beyond wood products has led to a new management perspective with four essential parts: emphasis, scheduling, silviculture, and total yield. Hardwood management in the near future will reflect a broadened emphasis on wildlife, water, esthetics, and wood. Desired ecological types will be needed on a schedule involving their timely creation, maintenance, and manipulation over the landscape in perpetuity. Silviculturists will achieve these ecological types, and the resulting amenities and commodities should serve rural California well.