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Excerpt from The Law of Accident and Employer's Liability Insurance Accident insurance is of comparatively modern origin. In the seventeenth century the idea of insuring individuals against accidents seems to have been first contemplated in France. But not until the middle of the nineteenth century was the first English company formed for this purpose. The first American company was not organized until about 1860. In England the policies were framed for the purpose of paying definite indemnities for specific injuries, such as the loss of a limb, blindness, etc., The earliest American policies were based on their English prototypes. They were not adapted to the newer country, with its different customs and habits of life, its varied occupations and risks, and the companies which had embarked in the business met with disaster and failure. Shortly the pioneers in the industry undertook the scientific construction of a system of accident insurance, evolving new tables of rates, new classifications of risks, and new methods of business, based upon conditions in the United States. In a short time it was demonstrated that by a statistical and mathematical calculation a table of risks could be prepared on the same principle employed in the construction of mortality tables by life insurance companies, upon which could be based a reliable and equitable system of accident insurance. In the United States accident insurance was inaugurated with the sale of so-called "accident tickets" to travelers on railroads covering only risks of travel, and in most instances good only for periods of twenty-four hours or the duration of specific trips. These tickets were sold at railroad stations. It soon became manifest that only a small percentage, not above ten per cent., of accidents resulted from traveling. Gradually the policies were made broader and more comprehensive in their scope. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Excerpt from Prentice-Hall Tax Service for 1919 This allowance is not based upon the difference between the actual war cost of such facilities and what they would have cost at pre-war prices. Obviously the taxpayer is not entitled to recover or extinguish through amortization more than the difference between the war cost of such property and what he can sell the property for after the war, or if he continues to need and use it in his business, what it would have cost him after the war. As the rule is expressed in Article 183 of the Regulations: The total amount to be extinguished by amortization, in general, is the excess of the unextinguished or unrecovered cost of the property over its maximum value (either for sale or for use as part of the plant or equipment of a going business) under stable post war. Conditions.' About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
In the five decades after the Civil War, the United States witnessed a profusion of legal institutions designed to cope with the nation’s exceptionally acute industrial accident crisis. Jurists elaborated the common law of torts. Workingmen’s organizations founded a widespread system of cooperative insurance. Leading employers instituted welfare-capitalist accident relief funds. And social reformers advocated compulsory insurance such as workmen’s compensation. John Fabian Witt argues that experiments in accident law at the turn of the twentieth century arose out of competing views of the loose network of ideas and institutions that historians call the ideology of free labor. These experiments a century ago shaped twentieth- and twenty-first-century American accident law; they laid the foundations of the American administrative state; and they occasioned a still hotly contested legal transformation from the principles of free labor to the categories of insurance and risk. In this eclectic moment at the beginnings of the modern state, Witt describes American accident law as a contingent set of institutions that might plausibly have developed along a number of historical paths. In turn, he suggests, the making of American accident law is the story of the equally contingent remaking of our accidental republic.
This volume contains over 300 pages of thought-provoking, critical research covering a wide range of topics related to work injuries. Delivered at the Second International Congress on Medical-Legal Aspects of Work Injuries, held in Jerusalem in February 1995, these proceedings include twenty-eight papers written by experts in the field of work injuries from around the world.
The authors argue that the rules and practices of corporate law mimic contractual provisions that parties would reach if they bargained about every contingency at zero cost and flawlessly enforced their agreements. But bargaining and enforcement are costly, and corporate law provides the rules and an enforcement mechanism that govern relations among those who commit their capital to such ventures. The authors work out the reasons for supposing that this is the exclusive function of corporate law and the implications of this perspective.