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El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro, the Royal Road of the Interior, was a 1,600-mile braid of trails that led from Mexico City, in the center of New Spain, to the provincial capital of New Mexico on the edge of the empire’s northern frontier. The Royal Road served as a lifeline for the colonial system from its founding in 1598 until the last days of Spanish rule in the 1810s. Throughout the Mexican and American Territorial periods, the Camino Real expanded, becoming part of a larger continental and international transportation system and, until the trail was replaced by railroads in the late nineteenth century, functioned as the main pathway for conquest, migration, settlement, commerce, and culture in today’s American Southwest. More than 400 miles of the original trail lie within the United States today, and stretch from present-day San Elizario, Texas to Santa Fe, New Mexico. This segment comprises El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro National Historic Trail. It was added to the United States National Trail System in 2000 and is still in use today. This book guides the reader along the trail with histories and overviews of places in New Mexico, West Texas and the Ciudad Juárez area. It includes a broad overview of the trail’s history from 1598 until the arrival of the railroads in the 1880s, and describes the communities, landscape, archaeology, architecture, and public interpretation of this historic transportation corridor.
The construction of a public middle school on land that is under the jurisdiction of the US Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management (BLM) has been proposed by the Las Cruces Public School administration. The proposed middle school is located on the outskirts east of the City of Las Cruces, Dona Ana County, New Mexico. Between June 15 and 25, 1995 a cultural resource clearance survey of 45.7589 acres located in the Las Cruces District Mimbres Resource Area was performed by Barbara Staley Brown and Judith A. McNew of Archaeo-Associates, Ltd. Co. at the request of Mr. Larry Altamirano, Assistant Superintendent of Support Services for Las Cruces Public Schools. Two large prehistoric sites were encountered during the survey. LA 110184 (A-ALc 9505-1) is predominantly a burned rock midden with 16 chipped stone artifacts and one groundstone fragment. LA 110185 (ALc 9505-2) is a large lithic scatter with four ash stains, one groundstone fragment and plain Brownware sherds from three vessels. Conventionally, such plain Brownware ceramics were produced and used from approximately A.D. 900 to 1350. A mitigation plan consisting of extensive, systematic shovel-testing of both sites was developed by Archaeo-Associates personnel and BLM Mimbres Resource Area Archaeologist, Mr. T. L. Holcomb. With the exception of one subsurface ash stain in LA 110185 (A-ALc 9505-2), no clear and unambiguous cultural deposits were uncovered. Two lithic artifacts and one possible historic feature that were not associated with the archaeological sites were recorded as isolated occurrences. Measuring and recording the attributes associated with the sites, their contents, and the isolated artifacts has exhausted their data potential. No historic sites or artifacts were observed. Archaeological clearance is recommended with the proviso that the construction process be monitored by a qualified archaeologist to insure that any subsurface, culturally significant deposits are recorded and/or recovered.
Survey of many buildings in Santa Cruz, with comments on dates, architects, styles, purposes. Well illustrated, with maps.