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Excerpt from The Journals and Correspondence of General Sir Harry Calvert, Bart., G. C. B. And G. C. H., Adjutant-General of the Forces Under H. R. H. The Duke of York: Comprising the Campaigns in Flanders and Holland in 1793-4; With an Appendix, Containing His Plans for the Defence of the Country in Case of Invasion From the Opening of the campaign until after the route of the Camp de Cesar, about August 13, 1793, when the allied armies divided, and the Duke of York marched towards Dunkirk, our arms met with uninterrupted prosperity. From that period, until we were driven out of Holland, during the rigorous winter of 1794-5, our occasional successes were deeply chequered by reverse. In the letters and journals contained in these pages, we may learn with equal exactness the causes of success and defeat. In driving the French out of the Low Countries, we were in reality fighting in defence of England; but through the continuance of that mercy with which Providence has for centuries past exempted England from being the seat of foreign war, the scene of action lay on the banks of the Scheldt and Sambre, and not on those of the Thames. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Upon France’s defeat of the vaunted Prussian army at the Battle of Valmy in 1792, German author Johann Wolfgang von Goethe remarked, “From this place and from this day forth commences a new era in the world’s history.” The pronouncement proved prescient, for this first major victory emboldened France’s revolutionary government to end the monarchy and establish the first French Republic—with dramatic consequences for the wars that soon roiled the continent. In nine essays by leading scholars, European Armies of the French Revolution, 1789–1802 provides an authoritative, continent-wide analysis of the organization and constitution of these armies, the challenges they faced, and the impact they had on the French Revolutionary Wars and on European military practices. The volume opens with editor Frederick C. Schneid’s substantial introduction, which reviews the strategies and policies of each participating state throughout the wars, establishing a clear context for the essays that follow. Drawing on the latest research and thought, each contributor focuses on the army of a particular power: France, Prussia, Austria, Russia, Britain, Spain, the German principalities, the Italian states, and the Ottoman Empire. Their essays examine the system, tactics, operations, and strategies that each army adopted and developed in the Revolutionary Wars. The authors explore the conflicts’ wider influence on these policies and practices, along with significant battles and actions. Unique in its approach and reach, this volume offers a thorough and closely observed view of the composition, scope, and purpose of the European armies at the turn of the nineteenth century. It enhances and extends our insights into how the military powers of the post–French Revolutionary era—and thus, the era itself—took shape.
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