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The immune system recruits a wide range of molecule groups and categories, each of which has its own function, property, and structure. Among these, interleukins play a pivotal role in supporting the immune and non-immune systems of the human body. Interleukins as effective cytokines participate in different conditions such as homeostasis, infectious diseases, autoimmune diseases, and cancers. This unique property of interleukins makes them invaluable biomarkers that can be used as important biosensors. This book is divided into three sections: “Interleukins’ Classification and Evolutionary Features”, “Autoimmune Diseases and Low Immune System”, and “Cancer and Injuries”. Chapters examine the role of various interleukins in conditions such as leukemia, rheumatoid arthritis, and allergic and autoimmune diseases.
Investigations of the activation, proliferation, and, in some cases, differentia tion of mononuclear cells involved in the immune response are proceeding rapidly. These studies have resulted in the discovery of several factors that promote these cellular events, some of which have been characterized biochemically to various extents. Because of the considerable interest in understanding these cellular changes at the molecular level, we chose to produce the first thematic volume for Contemporary Topics in Molecular Immunology; the theme deals with certain regulatory factors that promote proliferation and differentiation. We have com piled contributions from numerous scientists well known for their work with several regulatory factors. In the following paragraphs, the reader will find an overview of the contents of this volume. Greene and Robb review data they have generated over the past 2-3 years with respect to characterization of hormone-specific Interleukin-2 (IL-2) recep tors on the surface of activated T cells. Their chapter traces the development of a quantitative assay for assessment of IL-2 receptors based on the preparation and use of radiolabeled IL-2 prepared biosynthetically with the aid of IL-2-pro ducer leukemic cells. The authors then describe an alternate approach, the prep aration of a monoclonal antibody previously determined to be directed against a T -cell-activation antigen. This so-called anti-Tac antibody was later found to recognize a determinant on or near the IL-2 receptor.
The Cytokines of the Immune System catalogs cytokines and links them to physiology and pathology, providing a welcome and hugely timely tool for scientists in all related fields. In cataloguing cytokines, it lists their potential for therapeutic use, links them to disease treatments needing further research and development, and shows their utility for learning about the immune system. This book offers a new approach in the study of cytokines by combining detailed guidebook-style cytokine description, disease linking, and presentation of immunologic roles. Supplies new ideas for basic and clinical research Provides cytokine descriptions in a guidebook-style, cataloging the origins, structures, functions, receptors, disease-linkage, and therapeutic potentials Offers a textbook-style view on the immune system with the immunologic role of each cytokine
Over the last decade, cytokine research has emerged as one of the most exciting and critical fields for providing fundamental knowledge of normal and abnormal human development. Today, it is apparent that cytokines orchestrate growth from the early embryonic stage to maturity and are responsible for the normal function of virtually every organ system. Furthermore, virtually all disease states have been associated, at least in part, with cytokine aberrations. In this volume, the editors have brought together internationally known experts in the field of interleukin research to provide a comprehensive review of the biology of the interleukins and their role in both health and illness, while maintaining a balance between the basic science and clinical aspects. Cytokines: Interleukins and their Receptors should be of interest to a wide variety of researchers including clinical hematologists, oncologists, immunologists, in addition to medical and PhD students and researchers with an interest in cytokines.
First published in 1943, Vitamins and Hormones is the longest-running serial published by Academic Press. In the early days of the serial, the subjects of vitamins and hormones were quite distinct. The Editorial Board now reflects expertise in the field of hormone action, vitamin action, X-ray crystal structure, physiology, and enzyme mechanisms. Under the capable and qualified editorial leadership of Dr. Gerald Litwack, Vitamins and Hormones continues to publish cutting-edge reviews of interest to endocrinologists, biochemists, nutritionists, pharmacologists, cell biologists, and molecular biologists. Others interested in the structure and function of biologically active molecules like hormones and vitamins will, as always, turn to this series for comprehensive reviews by leading contributors to this and related disciplines.
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Interleukins are a family of proteins that regulate the maturation, diff- entiation, or activation of cells involved in immunity and inflammation, and belong to a broader family termed cytokines. Collectively these proteins are the key orchestrators of host defense and the response to tissue injury. There are currently 23 different interleukins (numbered from IL-1 to IL-23), although the full extent of the interleukin family will only become clear upon analysis of the human genome sequence. Most important, interleukins are central to the pathogenesis of a wide range of diseases that involve an immune com- nent, including such conditions as rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, ulcerative colitis, psoriasis, and asthma. Interleukins have also been imp- cated in other conditions, including cancer, migraine, myocardial infarction, and depression. In essence, when cells are activated by interleukins, a program of gene expression is initiated in the target cell that alters the cell’s phenotype, leading to enhanced immune reactivity, inflammation, and/or proliferation. Interleukins are therefore at the core of the cellular basis for many diseases. They are the subject of intense investigation by biomedical researchers and the targeting or use of interleukins in the clinic is proceeding apace. Approaches such as t- geting IL-4 in asthma or IL-1 in joint disease are being pursued, and it is likely that in the next 5–10 years a number of new therapies based on either inhib- ing or administering interleukins will be available.
How do you keep track of basic information on the proteins you work with? Where do you find details of their physicochemical properties, amino acid sequences, gene organization? Are you tired of scanning review articles, primary papers and databases to locate that elusive fact? The Academic Press FactsBook series will satisfy scientists and clinical researchers suffering from information overload. Each volume provides a catalogue of the essential properties of families of molecules. Gene organization, amino acid sequences, physicochemical properties, and biological activity are presented using a common, easy-to-follow format. Taken together they compile everything you wanted to know about proteins but were too busy to look for. More than 45 entries on human and murine cytokines and their receptors, including: * Cytokine receptor superfamilies * Interleukins 1-15 * Other cytokines * Additional information is provided on: * Alternative nomenclature * Cross reactivity * Sources * Bio assays * Physicochemical properties of the cytokines and their receptors * 3-D structure * Gene structure and chromosomal localisation * Amino acid sequences of the cytokines and their receptors * Receptors * Receptor distribution * Signal transduction * Chromosomal location of the receptors * References
The presented information reflects a state-of-the-art summary of the pleiotropic effects of IL-10 in vitro and in vivo and will contribute to our understanding of the role of ILj-10 in the immune system and its potential clinicial utility in the near future. The book contains chapters in which the in vitro biological effects of IL-10 on both mouse and human lymphoid and myeloid cells are reviewed. In addition, the role of IL-10 in transplantation, parasite infections, inflammation, infectious diseases and bone formation is described. The effects of IL-10 in vivo are presented, describing an IL-10 transgenic mouse model, the IL-10 "knock-out" mouse, and the capacity of IL-10 to prevent lethal toxic shock in mice.
Interest in interleukin-1 (IL-1) has increased dramatically over the last decade, but has been largely restricted to immunologists, cell biologists and those studying inflammation and cancer. However, it has recently been recognized that the brain directly controls or modulates many aspects of immune function, while molecules classically associated with the immune system, such as interleukin-1, are synthesised within the brain and act directly on the central nervous system to modify local and systemic functions. Thus, this topic is relatively new to neurobiologists, and this book is the first comprehensive description of current knowledge on interleukin-1 in the brain, including its location, synthesis and receptors, actions on behaviour, fever, metabolism, neuroendocrine function, electrical activity of the brain, nerve growth factor, and relationship to clinical indications. The book is organised into three sections. The first reviews the data available on the neural localisation of IL-1 and the nature of its central receptors. The main part of the book examines the different neural effects of IL-1 and the mechanisms which are involved in these actions, comparing IL-1 where possible to other inflammatory cytokines which also have neurotrophic effects. The final section evaluates the possible role of IL-1 in neural plasticity and neuronal degeneration.