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The Intercollegiate Socialist Society—prototype of the modern American student movement and the ancestor of Students for a Democratic Society (SDS)—was the first nationally organized student group that had a distinct political and ideological orientation. Its social and economic concerns, among them the labor and women’s suffrage movements, encompassed most of the issues agitating a rapidly changing society during the first two decades of this century. The ISS started a tradition of student political awareness and protest that has persisted to our day. For more than 15 years, it provided a forum for a group of gifted young men and women who, then and later, exercised influence far out of proportion to their numbers. This first full-scale study of the ISS follows the society from its birth in 1905 to its decline during World War I and the postwar period. Relying largely on original sources, Horn examines the structure, ideology, program, and tactics of the ISS and assesses its impact on students, faculty, and college administrators.
"Student activism" is a commonly used-and somewhat loaded-phrase. In the mind of the modern observer, the phrase inspires images of peace signs, love beads, sit-ins, and Kent State. Student activism, however, has not always been true to this imagery. The tradition of student groups devoted to political, ideological ends extends back to the early years of the twentieth century. The group that established this tradition also forms the subject of this study: the Intercollegiate Socialist Society (ISS). The ISS was founded in 1905. It led no rallies or sit-ins; nor were any of its members martyred at the hands of the national guard. Its tactics were peaceful- in fact, they can hardly be called "tactics." Far from occupying college presidents' offices, the ISS sponsored lectures, organized study groups, and published reading lists. However, the group must not be dismissed as trivial simply because it does not tap the romantic aura of "The Sixties." The ISS began a twentieth-century practice of student awareness of and concern for the political world outside the walls of the "ivory tower" that is still very much alive- the rhetoric of cynics and disappointed radicals notwithstanding.
"Crystal Eastman was a central figure in many of the defining social movements of the twentieth century -- labor, feminism, internationalism, free speech, peace. She drafted America's first serious workers' compensation law. She helped found the National Woman's Party and is credited as co-author of the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA). She helped found the Woman's Peace Party -- today, the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF) -- and the American Union Against Militarism. She co-published the Liberator magazine. And she engineered the founding the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU). Eastman worked side-by-side with national and international suffrage leaders, renowned progressive reformers and legislators, birth control advocates, civil rights champions, revolutionary writers and artists. She traveled with a transatlantic crowd of boundary-breakers and innovators. And in virtually every arena she entered, she was one of the most memorable women known to her allies and adversaries alike. Yet today, her legacy is oddly ambiguous. She is commemorated, paradoxically, as one of the most neglected feminist leaders in American history. This first full-length biography recovers the revealing story of a woman who attained rare political influence and left a thought-provoking legacy in ongoing struggles. The social justice issues she cared about -- gender equality and human rights, nationalism and globalization, political censorship and media control, worker benefits and family balance, and the monumental questions of war, sovereignty, force, and freedom -- remain some of the most consequential questions of our own time"--
For socialists at the turn of the last century, reading was a radical act. This interdisciplinary study looks at how American socialists used literacy in the struggle against capitalism.
In Author Under Sail: The Imagination of Jack London, 1902-1907, Jay Williams explores Jack London's necessity to illustrate the inner workings of his vast imagination. In this second installment of a three-volume biography, Williams captures the life of a great writer expressed though his many creative works, such as The Call of the Wild and White Fang, as well as his first autobiographical memoir, The Road, some of his most significant contributions to the socialist cause, and notable uncompleted works. During this time, London became one of the most famous authors in America, perhaps even the author with the highest earnings, as he prepared to become an equally famous international writer. Author Under Sail documents London's life in both a biographical and writerly fashion, depicting the importance of his writing experiences as his career followed a trajectory similar to America's from 1876 to 1916. The underground forces of London's narratives were shaped by a changing capitalist society, media outlets, racial issues, increases in women's rights, and advancements in national power. Williams factors in these elements while exploring London's deeply conflicted relationship with his own authorial inner life. In London's work, the imagination is figured as a ghost or as a ghostlike presence, and the author's personas, who form a dense population among his characters, are portrayed as haunted or troubled in some way. Along with examining the functions and works of London's exhaustive imagination, Williams takes a critical look at London's ability to tell his stories to wide arrays of audiences, stitching incidents together into coherent wholes so they became part of a raconteur's repertoire. Author Under Sail provides a multidimensional examination of the life of a crucial American storyteller and essayist.