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Inspired by a series of visions, Francisca de los Apóstoles (1539-after 1578) and her sister Isabella attempted in 1573 to organize a beaterio, a lay community of pious women devoted to the religious life, to offer prayers and penance for the reparation of human sin, especially those of corrupt clerics. But their efforts to minister to the poor of Toledo and to call for general ecclesiastical reform were met with resistance, first from local religious officials and, later, from the Spanish Inquisition. By early 1575, the Inquisitional tribunal in Toledo had received several statements denouncing Francisca from some of the very women she had tried to help, as well as from some of her financial and religious sponsors. Francisca was eventually arrested, imprisoned by the Inquisition, and investigated for religious fraud. This book contains what little is known about Francisca—the several letters she wrote as well as the transcript of her trial—and offers modern readers a perspective on the unique role and status of religious women in sixteenth-century Spain. Chronicling the drama of Francisca's interrogation and her spirited but ultimately unsuccessful defense, The Inquisition of Francisca—transcribed from more than three hundred folios and published for the first time in any language—will be a valuable resource for both specialists and students of the history and religion of Spain in the sixteenth century.
"A History of the Inquisition of Spain" in 4 volumes is one of the best-known works by the American historian Henry Charles Lea. The Spanish Inquisition (officially known as the "Tribunal of the Holy Office of the Inquisition") was established in 1478 by Catholic Monarchs Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile. It was intended to maintain Catholic orthodoxy in their kingdoms and to replace the Medieval Inquisition, which was under Papal control. It became the most substantive of the three different manifestations of the wider Catholic Inquisition along with the Roman Inquisition and Portuguese Inquisition. The Inquisition was originally intended primarily to identify heretics among those who converted from Judaism and Islam to Catholicism. The regulation of the faith of newly converted Catholics was intensified after the royal decrees issued in 1492 and 1502 ordering Muslims and Jews to convert to Catholicism or leave Castile. The Inquisition was not definitively abolished until 1834, during the reign of Isabella II, after a period of declining influence in the preceding century. The Spanish Inquisition is often cited in popular literature and history as an example of religious intolerance and repression.
The accounts, representing the experiences of girls and women from different classes and geographical regions, include the trials' vastly divergent outcomes ranging from burning at the stake to exoneration.
This fourth and final volume mainly continues where Volume III left off. This book continues to explore the areas the inquisition had influence and the way it found out how heretics emerged and worked in the respective fields the inquisition caught them in. Although the methods were brutal and the victims often innocent, the inquisition shows how thorough it was when dealing with these "sins." And then finally, Lea shows us the steady decline of the inquisition after the wars of Napoleon and how they tried to survive but failed.
Henry Charles Lea's 'A History of the Inquisition of Spain' is a comprehensive four-volume work that delves deep into the historical context and religious significance of the Spanish Inquisition. Lea's meticulous research and detailed analysis provide readers with a thorough understanding of this dark period in Spain's history, presenting a scholarly account of the Inquisition's origins, development, and impact on society. Written in a clear and engaging literary style, this book remains a classic study of the Inquisition's complexities and controversies, making it a valuable resource for anyone interested in religious history or historical studies. Henry Charles Lea, an American historian and author, was a leading authority on the Inquisition and the history of the Catholic Church. His in-depth knowledge and passion for uncovering historical truths drove him to write this seminal work, which remains a definitive study on the subject. Lea's expertise and meticulous research are evident in the detailed analysis and nuanced interpretations found throughout the four volumes. I highly recommend 'A History of the Inquisition of Spain' to readers seeking a comprehensive and enlightening exploration of one of the darkest chapters in Spanish history. Henry Charles Lea's authoritative account offers valuable insights into the religious, political, and social dynamics that shaped the Inquisition, making it an essential read for scholars, students, and history enthusiasts alike.
This collection of previously untranslated court documents, testimonials, and letters portrays the Spanish Inquisition in vivid detail, offering fresh perspectives on such topics as the Inquisition's persecution of Jews and Muslims, the role of women in Spanish religious culture, the Inquisition's construction and persecution of witchcraft, daily life inside an Inquisition prison, and the relationship between the Inquisition and the Spanish monarchy. Headnotes introduce the selections, and a general introduction provides historical, political, and legal context. A map and index are included.