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This paper examines the events of 1984 in Irian Jaya against the historical and political background to the movement for independence from Indonesia. It also suggests how Australia should respond to the situation. The authors explain the reasons for the movement of 11,000 Irianese across the border into Papua New Guinea and the policies of the Indonesian and PNG Governments. According to the authors, the conflicts which began in February 1984 between the Free Papua Movement (OPM) and Indonesian troops are related to earlier conflicts occurring since 1963 when control of Irian Jaya passed from the Netherlands to Indonesia. Because of the fighting and other grievances against the Indonesian Government, Irianese crossed the border into PNG where they are regarded as illegal entrants, not refugees. In the opinion of the authors, both governments wish to see these people repatriated, but differ as to the conditions under which the repatriation should take place. Continuation of the problem is leading to instability which is not in the interests of Australia. Australia should exert diplomatic pressure so that a durable solution can be found. For most of the people, repatriation is the only solution. However the authors conclude that repatriation should be voluntary and dependent on an improvement in the conditions that led to their flight and an easing in the impact of Indonesian administration on the Irian culture.
Less than five kilometres from Australia's most northern islands in the Torres Strait lies the southern coast of Papua New Guinea (PNG). The people living on the PNG side of the border along the South Fly coast live in abject poverty, with a near total absence of services and infrastructure. The disparity in income, housing and health outcomes when compared with their nearby neighbours and relatives in the Torres Strait Islands, is extreme. The border is the focus of a range of interventions by the Australian and Queensland governments, including border protection, quarantine, marine resource management, and infectious disease control, including an alarming outbreak of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis. Restrictions are increasing on trading, fishing and access to Australian services. However, questions remain as to whether this focus is having unintended consequences, increasing the destitution and frustration on the PNG side, in turn exacerbating the security threat to Australia. And as the Australian border hardens, the Indonesian border beckons. This book presents the results of three years of research into the unique social and political geography of the borderland. The Torres Strait Treaty between Australia and PNG serves to construct a complex institutional layering, a tiered economy and a hierarchy of identities between those South Fly villagers who have rights under the Treaty to travel into Australia, and those who do not. This creates a politics of expectation and frustration that permeates everyday life along the South Fly coast, through which development projects must navigate.
Less than five kilometres from Australia's most northern islands in the Torres Strait lies the southern coast of Papua New Guinea (PNG). The people living on the PNG side of the border along the South Fly coast live in abject poverty, with a near total absence of services and infrastructure. The disparity in income, housing and health outcomes when compared with their nearby neighbours and relatives in the Torres Strait Islands, is extreme. The border is the focus of a range of interventions by the Australian and Queensland governments, including border protection, quarantine, marine resource management, and infectious disease control, including an alarming outbreak of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis. Restrictions are increasing on trading, fishing and access to Australian services. However, questions remain as to whether this focus is having unintended consequences, increasing the destitution and frustration on the PNG side, in turn exacerbating the security threat to Australia. And as the Australian border hardens, the Indonesian border beckons. This book presents the results of three years of research into the unique social and political geography of the borderland. The Torres Strait Treaty between Australia and PNG serves to construct a complex institutional layering, a tiered economy and a hierarchy of identities between those South Fly villagers who have rights under the Treaty to travel into Australia, and those who do not. This creates a politics of expectation and frustration that permeates everyday life along the South Fly coast, through which development projects must navigate.
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