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This resource explores many facets of the dynamic period of the 1940s and the consequences of war and peace specifically within the context of World War II, now recognized as a seminal event in Italian-American life and culture.
World War II is not only a significant moment in world history, but in the history of the United States. In order to fully understand the impact the war had on the nation, historians need to acknowledge the various groups that played key roles in the war effort. Italian American women have silently been a part of the historiography, waiting for their recognition by scholars. While faced with years of discrimination and isolation from the nation they were calling home, Italian Americans gained their right to claim being an American through the work they did during the war. By denouncing ties with their ancestral nation, Italian Americans paved the way towards being considered American through learning English, becoming educated through American schools, losing their Italian surnames through marriage, and even changing the names of their social clubs to be more American sounding. Italian American men ranked the most enlisted in the United States military per capita during World War II, while Italian American women left their traditional lives as mothers and wives to work in male dominated industries to contribute to the war effort. The Italian American women who shaped the Rosie the Riveter character have remained in the shadows of history, though, while male participation in the war has received ample recognition. The lack of scholarly work dedicated to Italian American women's participation in the war effort is a disservice to the historiography, leaving holes that need to be filled in order to have a complete understanding of how the war impacted the nation. Through the use of oral histories with Italian American Rosie the Riveters, as well as connecting women's labor during the war through propaganda posters, this thesis aims to fill some of the gaps in the historiography, while also showcasing how much more work needs to be done to better appreciate the participation of this ethnic group.
Una Storia Segreta brings a new perspective to the history of wartime violations of civilian populations. The essays in this volume bring together the voices of the Italian American community and experts in the field, including personal stories by survivors and their children, letters from internment camps, news clips, photographs, and cartoons.
According to the author, an extra measure of loyalty and patriotism was required of Italian immigrants because the country of their birth was a declared enemy of their adopted country. This is the story of their quest for acceptance.
Discover the first-hand accounts and stories of Italian World War II Veterans who answered the call to serve their country, despite being deemed Enemy Aliens by their own government. At the beginning of World War II, Italian citizens living in the United States were referred to as Enemy Aliens. Yet hundreds of young Italian Americans flocked to recruiting stations, and over 500,000-perhaps as many as 1.5 million-served in the military during the war. Despite the difficulties they faced, including the possibility of having to fight against Italians, countless Italian Americans received decorations for bravery, fourteen of whom received the Medal of Honor. Italian Americans in World War II offers their stories, which, for the most part, have yet to be told. Belmonte interviewed almost 50 Italian-American veterans of World War II, from all branches and types of service. Stories of daily life, food, equipment, and training from soldiers, sailors, and airmen are captured. You'll read personal tales about how survivors of D-Day, Iwo Jima, Tarawa, Okinawa, and The Battle of the Bulge felt about entering combat. This fitting tribute also includes photographs from this period in history, bringing the men's stories to life.
The Routledge History of Italian Americans weaves a narrative of the trials and triumphs of one of the nation’s largest ethnic groups. This history, comprising original essays by leading scholars and critics, addresses themes that include the Columbian legacy, immigration, the labor movement, discrimination, anarchism, Fascism, World War II patriotism, assimilation, gender identity and popular culture. This landmark volume offers a clear and accessible overview of work in the growing academic field of Italian American Studies. Rich illustrations bring the story to life, drawing out the aspects of Italian American history and culture that make this ethnic group essential to the American experience.
First Published in 2000. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
Recent decades have drawn more attention to the United States' treatment of Japanese Americans during World War II. Few people realize, however, the extent of the country's relocation, internment, and repatriation of German and Italian Americans, who were interned in greater numbers than Japanese Americans. The United States also assisted other countries, especially in Latin America, in expelling "dangerous" aliens, primarily Germans. In Enemies among Us John E. Schmitz examines the causes, conditions, and consequences of America's selective relocation and internment of its own citizens and enemy aliens, as well as the effects of internment on those who experienced it. Looking at German, Italian, and Japanese Americans, Schmitz analyzes the similarities in the U.S. government's procedures for those they perceived to be domestic and hemispheric threats, revealing the consistencies in the government's treatment of these groups, regardless of race. Reframing wartime relocation and internment through a broader chronological perspective and considering policies in the wider Western Hemisphere, Enemies among Us provides new conclusions as to why the United States relocated, interned, and repatriated both aliens and citizens considered enemies.
While the relocation of Japanese Americans during World War II is a well-known blemish on American history, few people are aware that from February through June of 1942 the federal government enacted a relocation program that forced thousands of West Coast Italian and German aliens and their families to leave their homes for so-called safe zones. Law-abiding people who had lived in the United States for decades, including some who had sons in the armed forces, were subjected to surveillance and harassment simply because they had never obtained U.S. citizenship. The government eventually abandoned this program, but only because the process of relocating so many proved economically and politically unfeasible. Other Italians, including American citizens, whose loyalty was deemed doubtful, were interned or excluded without trial. In UnCivil Liberties: Italian Americans Under Siege during World War II Stephen Fox combines interviews with Italian Americans, government files, and newspaper accounts to reveal this previously untold chapter in American history. The testimonies of those who were the objects of the government's unfounded suspicions and accusations provide a vivid portrait of the times and illuminate a neglected episode. Fox connects his discussion of the Italian American experience with that of other suspected "enemy" aliens during World War II, illustrating how a national security crisis led to the use of group labels and challenged the government's commitment to its libertarian ideals. The voices in UnCivil Liberties will speak to students, scholars, and all readers interested in this period of American history. Published originally as "The Unknown Internment: An Oral History of the Relocation of Italian Americans during World War II." "Outstanding Book" - Gustavus Myers Center for the Study of Human Rights in the United States (1991) American Book Award - "Outstanding Literary Achievement" - Before Columbus Foundation (1992)
The New York Times bestselling dramatic and never-before-told story of a secret FDR-approved American internment camp in Texas during World War II: “A must-read….The Train to Crystal City is compelling, thought-provoking, and impossible to put down” (Star-Tribune, Minneapolis). During World War II, trains delivered thousands of civilians from the United States and Latin America to Crystal City, Texas. The trains carried Japanese, German, and Italian immigrants and their American-born children. The only family internment camp during the war, Crystal City was the center of a government prisoner exchange program called “quiet passage.” Hundreds of prisoners in Crystal City were exchanged for other more ostensibly important Americans—diplomats, businessmen, soldiers, and missionaries—behind enemy lines in Japan and Germany. “In this quietly moving book” (The Boston Globe), Jan Jarboe Russell focuses on two American-born teenage girls, uncovering the details of their years spent in the camp; the struggles of their fathers; their families’ subsequent journeys to war-devastated Germany and Japan; and their years-long attempt to survive and return to the United States, transformed from incarcerated enemies to American loyalists. Their stories of day-to-day life at the camp, from the ten-foot high security fence to the armed guards, daily roll call, and censored mail, have never been told. Combining big-picture World War II history with a little-known event in American history, The Train to Crystal City reveals the war-time hysteria against the Japanese and Germans in America, the secrets of FDR’s tactics to rescue high-profile POWs in Germany and Japan, and above all, “is about identity, allegiance, and home, and the difficulty of determining the loyalties that lie in individual human hearts” (Texas Observer).