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One of the fundamental freedoms of the European Union’s Internal Market is the free movement of capital. National barriers to the cross-border movement of capital and payments are prohibited, not only between Member States of the Union, but also between these States and third countries. The book investigates to what extent Estonia, Poland and Latvia have implemented laws that comply with this principle. It compares and contrasts the similarities and differences between these three Member States in how their legislation and regulations affect such free movement. The research investigates whether there is an association between the national legal restrictions to the free movement of capital and cross-border capital flows to and from Estonia, Poland and Latvia. It reports the views of executives in the business sectors most affected by these restrictions as to the importance of the free movement of capital to their companies, as to whether the European Union’s regulatory framework supports the free movement of services and the freedom of establishment, and as to whether the national law limits these freedoms.
"This book, entitled Collected Papers: Financial Regulation in Estonia, Poland and Latvia within the Context of European Union Membership, brings together five papers that the author wrote during the course of his career. The first and the last are short articles on general topics - with the former being written approximately ten years earlier than the latter. Both are constructed around defining events - the first the enactment of the Lisbon Treaty, which can be seen with the benefit of hindsight as a time of unity and promise within the European Union, and the other the process of the United Kingdom leaving the European Union - a time at which both the unity and the promise have withered. The second and the third are substantive items - the former examining the extent to which laws of the then-new Member States of the European Union Estonia, Poland and Latvia comply with that Union's free movement of capital rules, and the latter reporting the results of a survey of company executives within those three countries on their views as to the degree to which their businesses are affected by national limitations on the free movement of capital. The fourth paper investigates the extent to which accession to the European Union has affected regulation of the retail banking sector in those three states"--
This book investigates in depth the compliance of the financial services legislation of Estonia and Poland with the free movement of capital provisions of European Union law. A sample of the financial services legislation from each of three further European Union Member States is assessed for compliance with these rules, in the light of the conclusions drawn from the comprehensive studies. General comments and recommendations are made in respect of the free movement of capital and of services. Implications for the financial services sector are drawn from the research.
The multilateral trade agreements in the Annexes to the Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization provide a comprehensive structure for international trade. Why would trading partners in different countries feel the need to go outside this framework in order to set up preferential trade arrangements? This book considers the structure of the World Trade Organization’s agreements and the types of preferential trade arrangements, and deliberates the value of the latter in the light of the operation of the former. Preferential Trade Agreements and International Law offers a comprehensive examination of preferential trade agreements and considers the features of specific regional and bilateral trade agreements without drawing upon systematic features and trends. It shows the latest state of knowledge on the topic and will be of value to researchers, academics, policymakers, and students interested in international trade and economic law.
This book contains ten writings on different aspects of international law, each of them cross-referenced, in instances in which information in one is relevant to points made in another. The first essay considers the character of the subject, and its relation to other entities of relevance to it, such as its compatibility with national law and its relation to maritime law. The second one considers different types of legal instruments in settings of international law, and explains how to read a multilateral convention, using the Convention for the International Sale of Goods as an example. The third part discusses the characteristics of a state and the concept of recognition, the fourth reviews the various roles that institutions take in international law, concentrating in particular on major regional organisations, and the fifth explores the extent to which the World Trade Organisation and the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade provide for developing countries. Essay Six summarises the framework for international labour law and investigates its contents and workings, then the seventh considers which countries predominate in the running of international institutions. The eighth paper explores how regional entities might co-operate with international institutions in the harmonisation of the law, and the ninth one investigates the place of negotiation as a method of international dispute resolution. Finally, the tenth essay considers the past, present and future of international law, and reviews especially the role of language.
This volume is one in a continuing series of books prepared by the Federal Research Division of the Library of Congress. This volume is about Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania.
This book analyses Europe’s COVID-19 response provided by governments and societies, to assess its influence on the economy from both a short- and long-term perspective. The authors argue that there are three key factors that determine how successful a given country is. The first is the determination and effectiveness of the government. The second is the capacity of states and their healthcare systems in times of crisis. The third is society’s willingness to adhere to emergency measures and to cooperate with authorities. The book examines the government policy of EU states during the pandemic; studies the behaviour of EU societies; reveals the influence of the pandemic crisis on the economy of EU states and formulates a successful strategy to counteract the challenges wrought by the pandemic. The book will appeal to scholars and researchers engaged in the fields of economic and political science, global studies and international relations. Furthermore, it will also be addressed to policy makers of European States as it contains a complex analysis of their policy responses and the corresponding impact on European economy and society.
Filling a need for a case and materials book on constitutional and administrative law, this textbook reflects the latest thinking particularly in relation to the European Communities.
Multinational Enterprises and the Law is the only comprehensive, contemporary, and interdisciplinary account of the techniques used to regulate multinational enterprises (MNEs) at the national, regional, and multilateral levels. In addition, it considers the effects of corporate self-regulation, and the impact of civil society and community groups upon the development of the legal order in this area. The book has been thoroughly revised and updated for this third edition, making it a definitive reference work for students, researchers, and practitioners of international economic law, business, corporate and commercial law, development studies, and international politics. Split into four parts, the book first deals with the conceptual basis for MNE regulation. It explains the growth of MNEs, their business and legal forms, and the relationship between them and the effects of a globalised economy and society upon the evolution of regulatory agendas in the field. Part II covers the main areas of economic regulation, including the limits of national and regional jurisdiction over MNE activities, controls over, and the liberalisation of, entry and establishment, tax, company and competition law and the impact of intellectual property rights on technology diffusion and transfer. Part III introduces the social dimension of MNE regulation covering labour rights, human rights, and environmental issues. Finally, Part IV deals with the contribution of international investment law to MNE regulation and to the control of investment risks, covering the main provisions found in international investment agreements, their interpretation by international tribunals, and how concerns over these developments are leading to reform proposals.