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This study investigates the valuation impact of a firm's decision to cross-list on a more (or less) prestigious stock exchange relative to its own domestic market. We use network analysis to derive broad market-based measures of prestige for forty-five country or regional stock exchange destinations between 1990 and 2006. We find that firms crosslisting in a more prestigious market enjoy significant valuation gains over the five-year period following the listing. We also document a reverse effect for firms cross-listing in less prestigious markets: These firms experience a significant decline in valuation over the five years following the listing. The reputation of the cross-border listing destinations is therefore a useful signal of a firm's value going forward. Our findings are consistent with the view that cross-listing in a prestigious market enhances a firm's visibility, strengthens corporate governance, and lowers informational frictions and capital costs. -- Cross-listings ; network analysis
The main objective of this study was to examine the effects of regional cross-listing on firm value and performance on Kenyan firms. The specific research objectives for this study were: (i) to determine the effect of cross-listing on valuation; (ii) to determine the effect of cross-listing on profitability and growth; (iii) to determine the effect of cross-listing on liquidity and leverage and; (iv) to determine the effect of cross-listing on operational performance. The scope of the study focused on 5 cross-listed firms whose primary listing is the NSE. Thus, conducting a census the study analyzed data from firms? financial statements and the NSE daily market averages and analyzed the firms? value, profitability and growth, liquidity and leverage and, operational performance to examine the differences prior and subsequent to listing. The study conducted a time series analysis, taking into consideration the independence of the variables are concerned with a time series data set, thus sought to examine the evolution of the variables over time using data spanning seven years i.e. three years before cross-listing, the year of cross-listing and three years after cross-listing. The study further subjected the results to a univariate analysis in order to examine the significance of the findings using the paired t-test for the firms Tobin?s Q, liquidity and leverage, profitability and growth and operational performance. Additionally, the findings were also subjected to a correlation analysis to measure the degree of relationship between the variables under study. The results on firm value show that on average the firm value decreased after cross-listing but the results had no statistically significant difference from before and after cross-listing. Tobin?s Q and profitability had a strong correlation indicating that the change in firm value has a strong effect to the changes in the firm profitability. The results from the study on Liquidity and Leverage, using a before and after comparison from the paired t-test revealed that on average the liquidity of the firm increased while as leverage decreased. Additionally, the study also revealed that leverage and liquidity had a moderately negative correlation. Depending on the firm, profitability and growth varied and thus there was no consistent trend evident in the study. However, a before and after comparison of the variables yielded that despite the increase in profitability and growth of the firms, the results had no significant difference. The time series analysis yielded that operational performance of majority of the cross-listed firms? motive by market incentive to cross-list, increased. Jubilee Insurance was the only firm that reported an increase after cross-listing. A before and after comparison yielded that there was a decrease in operational performance but there was no statistical significant difference in the results. Additionally, liquidity and total assets had a weak positive correlation indicating that the changes in leverage does not weakly/does not correlate with the changes in total assets. The study recommends that for firms to sustain their improved firm value and financial performance post-listing, firms should not only comply with the new regulations that they have willingly subjected themselves to but, to take the extra mile to improve corporate governance, improve information disclosure exceeding the bare minimum and creating more value for shareholders.
This paper examines the impact of regional cross-listing on stock prices. The sample consists of sub- Saharan African firms that have cross-listed during the period 1992-2008. Using event study methodology, the study finds positive abnormal returns around the date of the regional cross-listing of stocks. The positive announcement period effect, together with the normal post cross-listing performance, shows that regional cross-listing increases firm value. Overall, this provides evidence that firms benefit from listing outside their home market and need to be taken into consideration by SSA country authorities as they seek a regional approach to stock market development. Thus, policy makers of both the countries of primary listing (home country) and secondary listing (host country) need the right policy handles to conceptualize, facilitate and steer regional cross-listing efforts by firms. Through complementary policy-based efforts, policy makers can set the stage for regional cross-listings and harness the numerous related benefits.
This study investigates the economic consequences of cross-listing on the Chinese stock market. We argue that by adopting a higher disclosure standard through cross-listing firms voluntarily commit themselves to reducing information asymmetry. As a result, cross-listed firms are able to benefit from growth opportunities with less appropriated cash flow and lower cost of capital. The empirical evidence shows that cross-listed firms indeed command higher valuations than their non-cross-listed counterparts, after controlling for certain firm-specific attributes. This lends support to the corporate governance hypothesis of cross-listing on the Chinese stock market. The study also argues that an overall upgrading of accounting standards cannot substitute for the cross-listing mechanism.
In this paper we investigate the impact of cross-listings on information asymmetry risk, the cost of capital and firm value of a group of cross-listed Chinese companies. Our paper is the first to examine the effect of cross-listing on information asymmetry risk. Because cross-listed firms are subject to increased disclosure requirements, increased regulatory scrutiny and increased legal liability, we propose that Chinese cross-listed firms have lower information asymmetry risk, lower cost of capital and higher firm value than their non-cross-listed counterparts. We find in both univariate and multivariate tests that cross-listed firms enjoyed lower information asymmetry risk in the domestic market compared with the non-cross-listed firms. We also find that cross-listed firms have lower cost of capital in the cross-listing market than non-cross-listed firms in the domestic markets. Finally, we find that cross-listed firms are associated with higher firm value as measured by Tobin's Q. These results have implications for international investors and companies seeking cross-listing opportunities.
This study investigates the economic consequences of cross-listing on the Chinese stock market. We argue that by adopting a higher disclosure standard through cross- listing firms voluntarily commit themselves to reducing information asymmetry. As a result, cross-listed firms are able to benefit from growth opportunities with less appropriated cash flow and lower cost of capital. The empirical evidence shows that cross-listed firms indeed command higher valuations than their non-cross-listed counterparts, after controlling for certain firm-specific attributes. This lends support to the corporate governance hypothesis of cross-listing on the Chinese stock market. The study also argues that an overall upgrad-ing of accounting standards cannot substitute for the cross-listing mechanism.
Essay from the year 2005 in the subject Business economics - Banking, Stock Exchanges, Insurance, Accounting, grade: very good (UK: grade A), University of Glasgow (Department of Accounting and Finance), course: International Financial Management, language: English, abstract: Some non-American companies benefit from a US-listing and others do not even cross-list in the US. Several empirical studies show that foreign companies, which are listed in the US, are worth more. However, less than one out of 10 large public non-American companies float their shares in the US (Doidge et al., 2004). Why is cross-listing beneficial to some companies and not to others? In 1997 more than 4,700 companies were internationally cross-listed. But, during the past several years this number decreased significantly by 50% to 2,300 (end of 2002) companies (Karolyi, 2004). Today more and more foreign companies acknowledge that they cannot cross-list in the US. Moreover, some companies admit that they are no longer even willing to cross-list, because of the high costs and strict requirements (Economist, 2005). Still, there must be a benefit for some to cross-list. A number of studies point out that the benefits regarding cross-listing include a lower cost of capital, access to foreign capital markets, an extended global shareholder base, greater liquidity in the trading of shares, publicity, visibility and prestige. On the other hand, these companies face costs, which might erode the benefits. Typical costs associated with a US-listing are the SECreporting, reconciliation of financial statements with home and foreign standards, direct listing costs, compliance requirements, exposure to legal liabilities, taxes and various trading frictions as well as investment banking fees (Karolyi, 2004 and Doidge et al., 2004). This essay aims to examine the empirical evidence regarding the merit of cross-listing shares on foreign equity markets, especially listing shares in the US. First, it critically reviews the conventional wisdom. Secondly, it examines the new approach of the cross-listing premium. Finally, it ends with a summary of this project and my own opinions.