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The book presents theoretical and empirical research on the integrated assessment of cartels’ effects on national economies. The empirical analysis is based on three cases in Lithuania, a country chosen because it corresponds to the features of a small economy with a developing culture of competition. An integrated assessment of a cartel’s impact by measuring the net economic effect created by its operations on the market is extremely important at the scale of national economies. If a cartel’s true impact is not identified and evaluated, it is impossible to make important strategic decisions, for the whole economy instead of individual affected parties and to establish an optimum baseline for mitigating the harm done to the economy. Thus, an integrated cartel impact assessment can help to more proactively combat cartel agreements on the market and improve the economic welfare of the respective country.
Seminar paper from the year 2020 in the subject Economics - Macro-economics, general, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, course: Economic Growth, language: English, abstract: Drug crime is a serious problem worldwide. The use, but also the abuse of legal and illegal psychoactive substances, is an integral part of our societies. Correspondingly lucrative, but also damaging, is the business that is done with legal and illegal drugs. In this essay, I will address the effects of illicit drug trafficking on economic performance. Since a global view would go far beyond the scope of this work, I will limit myself to the American continent, especially on Mexico's drug trafficking with the USA. Furthermore, I will mainly focus on the cocaine trade, as this drug has the greatest economic, evidence-based effects for the individual countries studied. First of all I will briefly explain the reasons why drug crime, but also drug prohibition in general, is an economic problem. In the second part of this essay, I will introduce the US demand market and the associated supply markets (Mexico and other Central and South American countries). In this context I will use the analysis of two papers (one written by Robles et al. and one written by Holst et al.) to explain to what extent the activities of drug cartels have an effect on economic growth in Mexico. Finally, I will counter-examine the findings of these two studies and formulate my own conclusion from the results obtained.
"International cartels are powerful organizations that impact our everyday lives, although they are little known. This book presents fifteen historical case studies of international cartels that include agricultural and mineral commodities, the machinery industry, telephone equipment, whiskey and cement. They reveal that international cartels manipulated prices and shared markets over many decades, but that their real impact was far wider. The global convergence towards criminalizing serious cartel conduct has seen a revival in historical research on cartels and competition policy. The regulation of anti-competitive behaviour has changed over time. To understand why US, European and other modern economies altered their policies through the 20th century, it is critical to understand when, how and why governments have interacted with, and been influenced by, business organizations such as cartels. This volume draws together researchers from different nations to examine the impact of international cartels on the experience of individual countries; those nations' interactions with one or more international cartels; and ultimately with the individual nation's interactions with the wider international community. This book will be of interest to researchers, academics and advanced students in the fields of business and economic history, political economy, and government policy and those interested in cartels and their impact on the wider economy"--
This book describes and analyzes the formation, operation, and impacts of modern global cartels. It provides a broad picture of the economics, competition law and history of international price fixing. Intensive case studies of collusion in the markets for lysine, citric acid, and vitamins offer a deep, detailed understanding of the phenomenon. The author assesses whether antitrust enforcement by the European Union, the United States, and other countries can deter cartels.
This paper distills and organizes facts about cartels from about 20 European Commission decisions over 2000-2004. It describes the properties of a collusive outcome in terms of the setting of price and a market allocation, monitoring of agreements with respect to price but more importantly sales, punishment methods for enforcing an agreement and also the use of buy-backs to compensate cartel members, methods for responding to external disruptions from non-cartel suppliers and handling over-zealous sales representatives, and operational procedures in terms of the frequency of meetings and the cartel's organizational structure.
This book reviews progress in the fight against hard core cartels. It quantifies the harm caused by cartels and identifies improved methods of investigation. It also examines progress in strengthening sanctions against businesses and individuals.
Shaping markets through competition and economic regulation is at the heart of addressing the development challenges facing countries in southern Africa. The contributors to Competition Law and Economic Regulation: Addressing Market Power in southern Africa critically assess the efficacy of the competition and economic regulation frameworks, including the impact of a number of the regional competition authorities in a range of sectors throughout southern Africa. Featuring academics as well as practitioners in the field, the book addresses issues common to southern African countries, where markets are small and concentrated, with particularly high barriers to entry, and where the resources to enforce legislation against anti-competitive conduct are limited. What is needed, the contributors argue, is an understanding of competition and regional integration as part of an inclusive growth agenda for Africa. By examining competition and regulation in a single framework, and viewing this within the southern African experience, this volume adds new perspectives to the global competition literature. It is an essential reference tool and will be of great interest to policymakers and regulators, as well as the rapidly growing ecosystem of legal practitioners and economists engaged in the field.