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Outlines the IWMI Water Balance Framework, which identifies sources, uses and reuses of water. The framework will be of interest to those involved in the design of irrigation projects and in the formulation of improvements to existing infrastructure of operational rules. Managers of irrigation projects will also find it useful for interpreting water use efficiency, or for identifying interventions to improve the efficiency and sustainability of their projects.
The paper presents a framework for water use in rice-based irrigation systems, which is based on linear programming (LP). This framework intends to facilitate improved understanding of a system's internal and external conditions and the constraints to productive use of the available land and water resources, and thereby create a reference for the assessment of the physical, economic and environmental performance of a given system. The framework is conceived as a tool that is used interactively in technical group sessions with farmers, system operators and extension workers, where structured discussions lead to improved data confidence, and understanding of complex irrigation systems.
There is widespread recognition that water resources, including groundwater and surface water, are coming under pressure from increasing demand of water uses. Water supply systems have often been developed in an unsustainable way, threatening vital social and economic developments. As a result many governments have been reforming water resources management to adopt the approach known as Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM). An important objective of this training manual is to address the factors that influence water storage and how water can be used in the most beneficial way based on available water budget which is the output from a water balance study. The goal of this manual is to introduce the broader framework of water management to be used by the water engineers/professionals, mangers so that they can identify the various challenges of water management and take appropriate measure to mitigate or eliminate the problems. Various tools have been introduced to estimate water budget, pros and cons of each tools were discussed. The manual also highlight the impact of climate change on water sector and various adaptive measures that can be used as potential mitigation measures. It also emphasis the issue of public participation and various stakeholders' roles for water management. Finally it explains the importance on information management for processing various hydrological data and the process of disseminating information among various stake holders.
With reference to West Asia and North Africa.
Presents two alternative scenarios of water demand and supply for 118 countries over the 1990 to 2025 period and develops indicators of water scarcity for each country and for the world as a whole. This study is the first step in IWMI’s long-term research goal: to determine the extent and depth of water scarcity, its consequences for individual countries and what can be done about it.
The case of warabandi in pakostan; Design of warabandi; Effects of design, construction, and maintenance; Form design to practice of warabandi; Intervening causes of the present situation; Role of groundwater; Changed socioeconomic conditions.