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This book describes a methodology to represent socio-technical system concerns in the system architecting process. The resulting set of Human Views augments traditional system viewpoints with human-focused data. The Human Viewpoint methodology classifies the socio-technical system context, identifies and collects pertinent data, renders models that can be used for discussion and analysis, and presents the results in Fit for Purpose views that are useful for decision making. The inclusion of the Human Viewpoint during the system architecting stage allows the evaluation of human-system design trade-offs, recognises the impact of the human operator on system performance, and provides the foundation for Human System Integration evaluations during the ensuing system development.
This book describes a methodology to represent socio-technical system concerns in the system architecting process. The resulting set of Human Views augments traditional system viewpoints with human-focused data. The Human Viewpoint methodology classifies the socio-technical system context, identifies and collects pertinent data, renders models that can be used for discussion and analysis, and presents the results in Fit for Purpose views that are useful for decision making. The inclusion of the Human Viewpoint during the system architecting stage allows the evaluation of human-system design trade-offs, recognises the impact of the human operator on system performance, and provides the foundation for Human System Integration evaluations during the ensuing system development.
Explores the breadth and versatility of Human Systems Engineering (HSE) practices and illustrates its value in system development A Framework of Human Systems Engineering: Applications and Case Studies offers a guide to identifying and improving methods to integrate human concerns into the conceptualization and design of systems. With contributions from a panel of noted experts on the topic, the book presents a series of Human Systems Engineering (HSE) applications on a wide range of topics: interface design, training requirements, personnel capabilities and limitations, and human task allocation. Each of the book's chapters present a case study of the application of HSE from different dimensions of socio-technical systems. The examples are organized using a socio-technical system framework to reference the applications across multiple system types and domains. These case studies are based in real-world examples and highlight the value of applying HSE to the broader engineering community. This important book: Includes a proven framework with case studies to different dimensions of practice, including domain, system type, and system maturity Contains the needed tools and methods in order to integrate human concerns within systems Encourages the use of Human Systems Engineering throughout the design process Provides examples that cross traditional system engineering sectors and identifies a diverse set of human engineering practices Written for systems engineers, human factors engineers, and HSI practitioners, A Framework of Human Systems Engineering: Applications and Case Studies provides the information needed for the better integration of human and systems and early resolution of issues based on human constraints and limitations.
Explore the military and combat applications of modeling and simulation Engineering Principles of Combat Modeling and Distributed Simulation is the first book of its kind to address the three perspectives that simulation engineers must master for successful military and defense related modeling: the operational view (what needs to be modeled); the conceptual view (how to do combat modeling); and the technical view (how to conduct distributed simulation). Through methods from the fields of operations research, computer science, and engineering, readers are guided through the history, current training practices, and modern methodology related to combat modeling and distributed simulation systems. Comprised of contributions from leading international researchers and practitioners, this book provides a comprehensive overview of the engineering principles and state-of-the-art methods needed to address the many facets of combat modeling and distributed simulation and features the following four sections: Foundations introduces relevant topics and recommended practices, providing the needed basis for understanding the challenges associated with combat modeling and distributed simulation. Combat Modeling focuses on the challenges in human, social, cultural, and behavioral modeling such as the core processes of "move, shoot, look, and communicate" within a synthetic environment and also equips readers with the knowledge to fully understand the related concepts and limitations. Distributed Simulation introduces the main challenges of advanced distributed simulation, outlines the basics of validation and verification, and exhibits how these systems can support the operational environment of the warfighter. Advanced Topics highlights new and developing special topic areas, including mathematical applications fo combat modeling; combat modeling with high-level architecture and base object models; and virtual and interactive digital worlds. Featuring practical examples and applications relevant to industrial and government audiences, Engineering Principles of Combat Modeling and Distributed Simulation is an excellent resource for researchers and practitioners in the fields of operations research, military modeling, simulation, and computer science. Extensively classroom tested, the book is also ideal for courses on modeling and simulation; systems engineering; and combat modeling at the graduate level.
Space-critical infrastructures represent an interdependent system of systems consisting of workforce, environment, facilities, and multidirectional interactions. These are essential for the maintenance of vital societal functions such as health, safety, security, mobility, and the economic and social well-being of people, and their destruction or disruption would have a significant impact on society as a whole. In all, 79 nations and government consortia currently operate satellites, with 11 countries operating 22 launch sites. Despite creating new challenges, this multi-actor environment offers opportunities for international cooperation, but making the most of these opportunities requires a holistic approach to space-critical infrastructure, away from strictly defined space technologies and towards understanding the resilience of complex systems and how they are intertwined in reality. This book presents papers from the NATO Advanced Research Workshop (ARW), entitled Critical Space Infrastructure: From Vulnerabilities and Threats to Resilience, held in Norfolk, Virginia, USA from 21-22 May 2019. The ARW brought together representatives from academia, industry, and international organizations in an effort to deepen scientific and technological understanding of space-critical infrastructures and explore the implications for national and international space security and resilience. It examined space as a critical infrastructure from a multidisciplinary perspective in accordance with NATO’s Strategic Concept. The 29 chapters in the book are divided into six sections covering space infrastructure: governance; cybersecurity; risk, resiliency and complexity; emerging technologies such as block chain, artificial intelligence and quantum computing; application domains; and national approaches and applications.
This book provides a platform for addressing human factors challenges in software and systems engineering, both pushing the boundaries of current research and responding to new challenges, fostering new research ideas in the process. This book is intended for researchers, professional software and systems engineers, and human factors and human systems integration experts to help them address societal challenges for next-generation systems with applications for meeting them. Topics include evolutionary and complex systems, human systems integration, smart grids and infrastructure, workforce training requirements, systems engineering education, and defense and aerospace. Based on the AHFE 2016 International Conference on Human Factors, Software, and Systems Engineering, held on July 27-31, 2016, in Walt Disney World®, Florida, USA. This book represents an inspiring guide for all researchers and professionals in the field of Human Factors, Software, and Systems Engineering.
If engineering is the art and science of technical problem solving, systems architecting happens when you don't yet know what the problem is. The third edition of a highly respected bestseller, The Art of Systems Architecting provides in-depth coverage of the least understood part of systems design: moving from a vague concept and limited resources
This book presents the latest advances in modeling and simulation for human factors research. It reports on cutting-edge simulators such as virtual and augmented reality, multisensory environments, and modeling and simulation methods used in various applications, including surgery, military operations, occupational safety, sports training, education, transportation and robotics. Based on two AHFE 2020 Virtual Conferences such as the AHFE 2020 Virtual Conference on Human Factors and Simulation and the AHFE 2020 Virtual Conference on Digital Human Modeling and Applied Optimization, held on July 16–20, 2020, the book serves as a timely reference guide for researchers and practitioners developing new modeling and simulation tools for analyzing or improving human performance. It also offers a unique resource for modelers seeking insights into human factors research and more feasible and reliable computational tools to foster advances in this exciting field.
Information system architecture (ISA) specification as a part of software engineering field has been an information systems research topic since the 60's of the 20th century. There have been manifold specification methodologies over the recent decades, developed newly or adapted in order to target the domains of software modelling, legacy systems, steel production, and automotive safety. Still, there exist considerable issues constituting the need for a flexible ISA development, e.g. incomplete methodology for requirements in model-driven architectures, lacking qualitative methods for thorough definition and usage of viewpoints. Currently existing methods for information system architecture specification usually de- vise the target architectures either addressing only a part of software life-cycles or neglect- ing less structured information. The method for flexible information system architectures (FISA) specification uses the viewpoint concept for mediating the domain expert and technical system levels. The FISA-method defines construction and application reference models based on the ANSI/IEEE Standard 1471-2000, viewpoints with model transfor- mations based on OMG-Standard Model-Driven Architecture (MDA), and four different approaches for ISA specification, thus providing for flexibility both in construction and refactoring procedures. The development of FISA-method has been based on a thorough analysis of the ISA specification method field and constructs a comprehensive procedure and reference engi- neering models for flexible ISA specification. The genericity of the conceived construction and application procedure models of FISA allows for its usage not only in research, but also in industry settings, as presented on illustrative scenarios in steel manufacturing and automotive safety.