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The fifth volume of The History of Evil covers the twentieth century from 1900 through 1950. The period saw the maturation of intellectual movements such as Pragmatism and Phenomenology, and the full emergence of several new academic disciplines; all these provided novel intellectual tools that were used to shed light on a human capacity for evil that was becoming increasingly hard to ignore. An underlying theme of this volume is the effort to reconstruct an understanding of human nature after confidence in its intrinsic goodness and moral character had been shaken by world events. The chapters in this volume cover globally relevant topics such as education, propaganda, power, oppression, and genocide, and include perspectives on evil drawn from across the world. Theological and atheistic responses to evil are also examined in the volume. This outstanding treatment of approaches to evil at a determinative period of modernity will appeal to those with interests in the intellectual history of the era, as well as to those with interests in the political, philosophical and theological movements that matured within it.
This sixth volume of The History of Evil charts the era 1950–2018, with topics arising after the atrocities of World War II, while also exploring issues that have emerged over the last few decades. It exhibits the flourishing of analytic philosophy of religion since the War, as well as the diversity of approaches to the topic of God and evil in this era. Comprising twenty-one chapters from a team of international contributors, this volume is divided into three parts, God and Evil, Humanity and Evil and On the Objectivity of Human Judgments of Evil. The chapters in this volume cover relevant topics such as the evidential argument from evil, skeptical theism, free will, theodicy, continental philosophy, religious pluralism, the science of evil, feminist theorizations, terrorism, pacifism, realism and relativism. This outstanding treatment of the history of evil will appeal to those with particular interests in the ideas of evil and good
The fourth volume of The History of Evil explores the key thinkers and themes relating to the question of evil in eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. The very idea of "evil" is highly contentious in modern thought and this period was one in which the concept was intensely debated and criticized. The persistence of the idea of evil is a testament to the abiding significance of theology in the period, not least in Germany. Comprising twenty-two chapters by international scholars, some of the topics explored include: Berkeley on evil, Voltaire and the Philosophes, John Wesley on the origins of evil, Immanuel Kant on evil, autonomy and grace, the deliverance of evil: utopia and evil, utilitarianism and evil, evil in Schelling and Schopenhauer, Friedrich Nietzsche and the genealogy of evil, and evil and the nineteenth-century idealists. This volume also explores a number of other key thinkers and topics within the period. This outstanding treatment of the history of evil at the crucial and determinative inception of its key concepts will appeal to those with particular interests in the ideas of evil and good.
Volume I. The history of evil in antiquity : 2000 BCD-450 CE -- volume II. The history of evil in the medieval age : 450-1450 -- volume III. The history of evil in the early modern age : 1450-1700 -- volume IV. The history of evil in the 18th and 19th centuries : 1700-1900 -- volume V. The history of evil in the early twentieth century : 1900-1950 -- volume VI. The history of evil from the mid-twentieth century to today : 1950-2018
Whether expressed in theological or secular terms, evil poses a problem about the world's intelligibility. It confronts philosophy with fundamental questions: Can there be meaning in a world where innocents suffer? Can belief in divine power or human progress survive a cataloging of evil? Is evil profound or banal? Neiman argues that these questions impelled modern philosophy. Traditional philosophers from Leibniz to Hegel sought to defend the Creator of a world containing evil. Inevitably, their efforts--combined with those of more literary figures like Pope, Voltaire, and the Marquis de Sade--eroded belief in God's benevolence, power, and relevance, until Nietzsche claimed He had been murdered. They also yielded the distinction between natural and moral evil that we now take for granted. Neiman turns to consider philosophy's response to the Holocaust as a final moral evil, concluding that two basic stances run through modern thought. One, from Rousseau to Arendt, insists that morality demands we make evil intelligible. The other, from Voltaire to Adorno, insists that morality demands that we don't.
Provides a comprehensive survey of the key events and personalities of this period.
A chronological compilation of twentieth-century world events in one volume—from the acclaimed historian and biographer of Winston S. Churchill. The twentieth century has been one of the most unique in human history. It has seen the rise of some of humanity’s most important advances to date, as well as many of its most violent and terrifying wars. This is a condensed version of renowned historian Martin Gilbert’s masterful examination of the century’s history, offering the highlights of a three-volume work that covers more than three thousand pages. From the invention of aviation to the rise of the Internet, and from events and cataclysmic changes in Europe to those in Asia, Africa, and North America, Martin examines art, literature, war, religion, life and death, and celebration and renewal across the globe, and throughout this turbulent and astonishing century.
"Evil is the most serious of our moral problems. All over the world cruelty, greed, prejudice, and fanaticism ruin the lives of countless victims. Outrage provokes outrage. Millions nurture seething hatred of real or imagined enemies, revealing savage and destructive tendencies in human nature. Understanding this challenges our optimistic illusions about the effectiveness of reason and morality in bettering human lives. But abandoning these illusions is vitally important because they are obstacles to countering the threat of evil. The aim of this book is to explain why people act in these ways and what can be done about it."—John KekesThe first part of this book is a detailed discussion of six horrible cases of evil: the Albigensian Crusade of about 1210; Robespierre's Terror of 1793–94; Franz Stangl, who commanded a Nazi death camp in 1943–44; the 1969 murders committed by Charles Manson and his "family"; the "dirty war" conducted by the Argentinean military dictatorship of the late 1970s; and the activities of a psychopath named John Allen, who recorded reminiscences in 1975. John Kekes includes these examples not out of sensationalism, but rather to underline the need to hold vividly in our minds just what evil is. The second part shows why, in Kekes's view, explanations of evil inspired by Christianity and the Enlightenment fail to account for these cases and then provides an original explanation of evil in general and of these instances of it in particular.
Many of our readers, we know, have neither the time nor the opportunity for reading the voluminous works that have been written from time to time on the history of the church. Still, that which has been the dwelling-place of God for the last eighteen hundred years, must be a subject of the deepest interest to all His children. We speak not now of the church as it is often represented in history, but as it is spoken of in scripture. There it is seen in its true spiritual character, as the body of Christ, and as the "habitation of God through the Spirit." TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE CHAPTER 1 THE ROCK FOUNDATION CHAPTER 2 THE DAY OF PENTECOST FULLY COME CHAPTER 3 THE DISCIPLES PERSECUTED AND SCATTERED CHAPTER 4 THE MISSIONARIES OF THE CROSS CHAPTER 5 THE APOSTLE PAUL CHAPTER 6 PAUL'S THIRD MISSIONARY JOURNEY A.D. 54 CHAPTER 7 THE BURNING OF ROME CHAPTER 8 THE INTERNAL HISTORY OF THE CHURCH CHAPTER 9 FROM COMMODUS TILL THE ACCESSION OF CONSTANTINE CHAPTER 10 CONSTANTINE CHAPTER 11 THE COUNCIL OF NICE CHAPTER 12 THE INTERNAL HISTORY OF THE CHURCH CHAPTER 13 THE EPISTLE TO THE CHURCH IN THYATIRA CHAPTER 14 THE SPREAD OF CHRISTIANITY OVER EUROPE CHAPTER 15 MAHOMET, THE FALSE PROPHET OF ARABIA CHAPTER 16 THE SILVER LINE OF SOVEREIGN GRACE CHAPTER 17 THE PROPAGATION OF CHRISTIANITY CHAPTER 18 THE CHURCH-BUILDING SPIRIT REVIVED CHAPTER 19 THE PONTIFICATE OF GREGORY VII CHAPTER 20 THE CRUSADES CHAPTER 21 HENRY V. AND GREGORY'S SUCCESSORS CHAPTER 22 THE ENCROACHMENTS OF ROME IN ENGLAND CHAPTER 23 THE THEOLOGY OF THE CHURCH OF ROME CHAPTER 24 INNOCENT III. AND HIS TIMES CHAPTER 25 INNOCENT AND THE SOUTH OF FRANCE CHAPTER 26 THE INQUISITION ESTABLISHED IN LANGUEDOC CHAPTER 27 THE APPROACHING DAWN OF THE REFORMATION CHAPTER 28 THE DECLINE OF PAPAL POWER CHAPTER 29 THE FORERUNNERS OF THE REFORMATION CHAPTER 30 JOHN WYCLIFFE CHAPTER 31 THE REFORMATION MOVEMENT IN BOHEMIA CHAPTER 32 THE CAPTURE OF CONSTANTINOPLE CHAPTER 33 THE REFORMATION IN GERMANY CHAPTER 34 THE FIRST PAPAL JUBILEE CHAPTER 35 LUTHER AT WARTBURG CHAPTER 36 PROTESTANTISM CHAPTER 37 THE SACRAMENTARIAN CONTROVERSY CHAPTER 38 THE COUNCIL OF BOLOGNA CHAPTER 39 THE POPISH REFUTATION CHAPTER 40 THE REFORMATION IN SWITZERLAND CHAPTER 41 THE LEADERS OF THE REFORMATION IN SWITZERLAND CHAPTER 42 THE RESULTS OF THE DISPUTATIONS CHAPTER 43 THE GENERAL PROGRESS OF REFORM CHAPTER 44 THE EXTENSION OF REFORM IN SWITZERLAND CHAPTER 45 THE REFORMATION IN GERMANY CHAPTER 46 THE OPENING OF THE COUNCIL OF TRENT CHAPTER 47 "THE INTERIM" CHAPTER 48 THE EFFECT OF THE REFORMATION IN GERMANY ON THE NATIONS OF EUROPE CHAPTER 49 THE REFORMATION IN FRENCH SWITZERLAND CHAPTER 50 THE REFORMATION IN FRANCE CHAPTER 51 THE GREAT PROGRESS OF THE REFORMATION CHAPTER 52 THE WALDENSES CHAPTER 53 THE REFORMATION IN THE BRITISH ISLES CHAPTER 54 ENGLAND CHAPTER 55 THE REIGN OF ELIZABETH