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Much recent work on the history of colonial medicine argues that medicine was the handmaiden of colonial power and of capitalism. Dr Bell challenges this interpretation through careful investigation of the complicated relationship between medicine, politics, and capital in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. Subverting the accepted wisdom that colonial medicine consisted primarily of white male doctors treating black patients, Dr Bell highlights the important role of women and of African and non-European practitioners of Western medicine. She moves beyond the realm of medical practice to consider the relationship between medical research and colonial power. And she argues that a new international medicine emerged during the interwar period, modifying and even supplanting existing colonial relationships. Frontiers of Medicine examines the physical, epidemiological, and professional boundaries that endlessly preoccupies colonial officials. Emphasising the tenuousness of colonial power, it includes chapters on midwifery training and female circumcision, on health and racial ideology, and on the quest to find the yellow fever virus in East Africa. Accepted wisdom maintains that colonial medicine consisted primarily of white doctors treating black patients, that it was mainly about medical practice, and that it was driven by colonial relationships. Dr Bell subverts these notions with detailed evidence of the participation of women and native Africans as trained medical personnel in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, and demonstrates the tenuousness of colonial power in practice. There are chapters on midwifery training and female circumcision, on health and racial ideology, and on the quest to find yellow fever virus in East Africa. Dr Bell also investigates the relationship between colonial power and medical research, arguing that a new international medicine emerged during the inter-war period.
The fifth edition of this bestselling reader builds a strong foundation in both classical and contemporary theory, with a sharpened focus on gender and anthropology, and the anthropology of new media and technology. Short introductions and key terms accompany every reading, and light annotations have been added to aid students in reading original articles. Used on its own or together with A History of Anthropological Theory, Fifth Edition, this anthology offers a flexible and unrivalled introduction to anthropological theory that reflects not only the history but also the changing nature of the discipline today.
This exhaustive history profiles the late colonial state as it occurred in the British occupation of Kenya. Lewis (history, U. of Durham, UK), relying on her extensive research into archival records, first places her focus on a cross- section of the colonial administration, showing how it changed during WWII. She then examines the working lives of welfare officers and their relation with the administration before describing the ultimate fragmentation of British rule. The neglect of Kenyan women, lack of community medicine, and failure to address poverty are themes that recur throughout this history. c. Book News Inc.
The fifth edition of this bestselling reader builds a strong foundation in both classical and contemporary theory, with a sharpened focus on gender and anthropology, and the anthropology of new media and technology. Short introductions and key terms accompany every reading, and light annotations have been added to aid students in reading original articles. Used on its own or together with A History of Anthropological Theory, Fifth Edition, this anthology offers a flexible and unrivalled introduction to anthropological theory that reflects not only the history but also the changing nature of the discipline today.
Meru People were created by God somewhere (in the Holy Bible in the Garden of Eden) and they lived there until the day they crossed the Red Sea into Egypt where they lived until the day they were forced out of Egypt by some enemy. The fact is that, Ameru people were the original inhabitants of Egypt and the builders of the Pyramids (Mbiira in Kimeru language). Due to their expertise, they were chased out of Egypt by the Libyan mercenaries and Mohammedans when they invaded Egypt to spread their Muslim religion around AD 750.When Ameru left Egypt, they left in a hurry and out of pressure and fear, because they never wanted to be traced by the enemy. That is why in Egypt, no one knows for sure who were the original inhabitants of Egypt even today. On their way, they encountered many, many hardships and many generations died on the way (in the wilderness) with all the knowledge they had acquired in Egypt. The had to start from the scratch to gain some knowledge once again.At last, they traveled through Sudan, Uganda, Congo, Rwanda, Tanzania, Mtito Andei in Kenya to Manda Island (Mboa) around AD 910. There they lived in peace until the day they were once again disturbed by a new enemy they called NGUUNTUNE (red clothes), the Portuguese, who started to hunt them for slaves to export to America.When the new enemy subdued the community and started to make harsh demands upon the people, they decided to escape from the Island and seek new homes elsewhere. That was around AD 1560's when they succeeded to escape out of the Island after which they found their way to Meru, their present home.Their journey from Mboa to Meru was another difficult journey that fatigued the community where many of their giants and men of valor perished in defense of their people against the wild animals that teamed the region. It is at that region where they encountered some enemies who teased them and gave them courage to fight on for existence.Finally, they reached Meru region where they settled and found peace to share in their different sub tribes and clans. Today, Meru community are social and hospitable people who can be relied upon by other communities. Their history is open and interesting to read. Read to know why, how and when they settled in their lovely Home Lands.
Across Africa, funerals and events remembering the dead have become larger and even more numerous over the years. Whereas in the West death is normally a private and family affair, in Africa funerals are often the central life cycle event, unparalleled in cost and importance, for which families harness vast amounts of resources to host lavish events for multitudes of people with ramifications well beyond the event. Though officials may try to regulate them, the popularity of these events often makes such efforts fruitless, and the elites themselves spend tremendously on funerals. This volume brings together scholars who have conducted research on funerary events across sub-Saharan Africa. The contributions offer an in-depth understanding of the broad changes and underlying causes in African societies over the years, such as changes in religious beliefs, social structure, urbanization, and technological changes and health.
This lively and readable survey introduces students to key areas of the field and shows how to apply an anthropological approach to the study of contemporary world religions. Written by an experienced teacher, it covers all of the traditional topics of anthropology of religion, including definitions and theories, beliefs, symbols and language, and ritual and myth, and combines analytic and conceptual discussion with up-to-date ethnography and theory. Eller includes copious examples from religions around the world – both familiar and unfamiliar – and two mini-case studies in each chapter. He also explores classic and contemporary anthropological contributions to important but often overlooked issues such as violence and fundamentalism, morality, secularization, religion in America, and new religious movements. Introducing Anthropology of Religion demonstrates that anthropology is both relevant and essential for understanding the world we inhabit today.
The intellectual radicalism of the 1960s spawned a new set of questions about the role and nature of "the political" in social life, questions that have since revolutionized nearly every field of thought, from literary criticism through anthropology to the philosophy of science. Michel Foucault in particular made us aware that whatever our functionally defined "roles" in society, we are constantly negotiating questions of authority and the control of the definitions of reality. Such insights have led theorists to challenge concepts that have long formed the very underpinnings of their disciplines. By exploring some of the most debated of these concepts--"culture," "power," and "history"--this reader offers an enriching perspective on social theory in the contemporary moment. Organized around these three concepts, Culture/ Power/History brings together both classic and new essays that address Foucault's "new economy of power relations" in a number of different, contestatory directions. Representing innovative work from various disciplines and sites of study, from taxidermy to Madonna, the book seeks to affirm the creative possibilities available in a time marked by growing uncertainty about established disciplinary forms of knowledge and by the increasing fluidity of the boundaries between them. The book is introduced by a major synthetic essay by the editors, which calls attention to the most significant issues enlivening theoretical discourse today. The editors seek not only to encourage scholars to reflect anew on the course of social theory, but also to orient newcomers to this area of inquiry. The essays are contributed by Linda Alcoff ("Cultural Feminism versus Post-Structuralism"), Sally Alexander ("Women, Class, and Sexual Differences in the 1830s and 1840s"), Tony Bennett ("The Exhibitionary Complex"), Pierre Bourdieu ("Structures, Habitus, Power"), Nicholas B. Dirks ("Ritual and Resistance"), Geoff Eley ("Nations, Publics, and Political Cultures"), Michel Foucault (Two Lectures), Henry Louis Gates, Jr. ("Authority, [White] Power and the [Black] Critic"), Stephen Greenblatt ("The Circulation of Social Energy"), Ranajit Guha ("The Prose of Counter-Insurgency"), Stuart Hall ("Cultural Studies: Two Paradigms"), Susan Harding ("The Born-Again Telescandals"), Donna Haraway ("Teddy Bear Patriarchy"), Dick Hebdige ("After the Masses"), Susan McClary ("Living to Tell: Madonna's Resurrection of the Fleshly"), Sherry B. Ortner ("Theory in Anthropology since the Sixties"), Marshall Sahlins ("Cosmologies of Capitalism"), Elizabeth G. Traube ("Secrets of Success in Postmodern Society"), Raymond Williams (selections from Marxism and Literature), and Judith Williamson ("Family, Education, Photography").

Ameru

Tarcisio F. B. GICHUNGE And RICHARD A. GITONGA

Published: 2020-09-11

Total Pages: 117


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Because writers are progressive and responsive, they stick to their routine in search of more information to justify their thinking. They therefore peruse existing records and compare, relate and analyze them to come up with fresh assumptions and conclusions. By doing so, they open up fresh topics for discussions and debates by the contemporary parties. That is how history is made and recorded in its chronicles.Ameru writers and authors in the past have lauded Meru History on the basis of "probably and possibly," "may be or perhaps," "this and that happened" in the making of history." By doing that, they have kept the flame burning for the subject to remain open to the historians who will come after they have left the scene. Those who come after them will never complain that they found an empty field to play their ball.On the other hand, our source of information while writing and editing this book has been well searched, selected, read very deeply, understood and thoroughly analyzed for inclusion to enlighten the interested readers to learn about Meru History and its Cultural Anthropology. However, we would wish our readers to understand that our information is comparable to a Radio announcer who gives you his information by sound only while the TV presenter gives you sound and pictures leaving you to become a potato in a sufuria ready to be cooked! Our information is from surviving and focused persons aged 100 years and above. People who were there in 1918 and beyond; thus, those who saw it and remembers it happening. Those who had listened to their grandfathers' and great grandfathers' fictions and non-fiction tales. These can relate and delete what is useless for our generations now seeking knowledge in our time. Their willingness to give information is not motivated by want of money, but pure urge to preserve our culture and traditions for our generations to come.In this case, this book gives you the clues while it leaves you at liberty to inquire, investigate, query, examine, explore and probe those contents to make your own conclusions about any topic of your choice. For your information History is for the continuation and perpetuation readers. That is why in Meru, there is a Kimeru idiom (Ntemi) that says, "Wijie ni wiiri (102)" meaning that, he who knows has been told. We kindly urge you to read to qualify as one of those "who are told," among the Kenyans.It is imperative to repeat here that, as we write, there are those who are "Jealous" in what is happening, because they wish they were the ones writing, but they have no time to spare to write anything. What is happening, is the writing our Meru History. People are now waking up from their deep slumber! They are disputing what is written, which of course is healthy, but beyond that they are in limbo! But while they remain in limbo, the History of Ameru is being forgotten very fast, if we were all to follow their example. "WE are writing for our generations" and that is our motto. That motto keeps us glowing and radiant, so that, when we die, "we will peacefully die empty-handed." WE, will not go into our graves with all our Knowledge. Remember that, there are noise makers who write good articles in News Papers that go into waste as soon as they are read. We consider these kind of people to be pedestrians in this world of generous historians who freely tell their stories.
This collection fills the need for a resource that adequately conceptualizes the place of non-European histories in the larger narrative of world history. These essays were selected with special emphasis on their comparative outlook. The chapters range from the British Empire (India, Egypt, Palestine) to Indonesia, French colonialism (Brittany and Algeria), South Africa, Fiji, and Japanese imperialism. Within the chapters, key concepts such as gender, land and law, and regimes of knowledge are considered.