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A landmark study of the Greek kingdoms of Bactria and India that treats them as Hellenistic states.
Written by a highly regarded scholar in the field, this book represents the first published study on the Greek kingdoms of Bactria and India that treats them as Hellenistic states. Referring to classical Western and Indian sources, as well as numismatics, the author gives a multi-faceted account of their dynastic rule and conquest. The book begins with an overview of the Seleucid settlement, providing a background to the relations between Greeks and Asiatics after the death of Alexander the Great. Covering the period from 206 to 145 BCE, the book analyses the reigns of Euthydemus I, Demetrius I and Menander I, and explains how they accomplished Alexander’s dream of co-operation instead of domination in the eastern provinces. Tarn’s work examines this little-discussed topic, and presents it to the reader in a clear and accessible style, making this a great scholarly contribution that remains unsurpassed in breadth and depth. The second edition, originally published in 1951, includes an Addendum explaining the further discoveries since the work was first published in 1938.
‘Tarn’s Alexander the Great, first published in 1948, has become a classic and its importance for subsequent Alexander studies can hardly be exaggerated. Based on a lifetime’s work and elegantly and persuasively written, both volumes evoked immediate admiration—and very soon sharp reaction. Little has in fact appeared on Alexander over the last thirty years that has not been directly related to Tarn’s book. Especially Volume II, with its detailed analysis of the sources and discussion of the main historical cruces—such as Cleitarchus’ date, the status of the Greek cities, Alexander’s deification, his supposed plans for a world-kingdom and the famous thesis that he sought to realise the ‘brotherhood of mankind’-has itself inspired scores of books and articles. For the scholar both volumes are indispensable and their reappearance is to be warmly welcomed.’—FRANK W. WALBANK ‘The appearance of Tarn’s Alexander...is an epoch-making event, in the strictest sense of the words. Every serious student of Alexander, probably for generations, will have to start from Tarn’s analysis of the sources and discussion of the chief problems of the narrative; and any writer on Alexander who did not enjoy the advantage of being able to consult this work will regret it. These volumes contain the distilled and matured results of a great scholar’s lifelong devotion to his great subject.’—Journal of Hellenic Studies 1948
This volume provides a thorough conspectus of the field of Graeco-Bactrian and Indo-Greek studies, mixing theoretical and historical surveys with critical and thought-provoking case studies in archaeology, history, literature and art. The chapters from this international group of experts showcase innovative methodologies, such as archaeological GIS, as well as providing accessible explanations of specialist techniques such as die studies of coins, and important theoretical perspectives, including postcolonial approaches to the Greeks in India. Chapters cover the region’s archaeology, written and numismatic sources, and a history of scholarship of the subject, as well as culture, identity and interactions with neighbouring empires, including India and China. The Graeco-Bactrian and Indo-Greek World is the go-to reference work on the field, and fulfils a serious need for an accessible, but also thorough and critically-informed, volume on the Graeco-Bactrian and Indo-Greek kingdoms. It provides an invaluable resource for anyone interested in the Hellenistic East.
An exploration of how the Greeks reacted to and interacted with India from the third to first centuries BCE. When the Greeks and Macedonians in Alexander's army reached India in 326 BCE, they entered a new and strange world. They knew a few legends and travelers' tales, but their categories of thought were inadequate to encompass what they witnessed. The plants were unrecognizable, their properties unknown. The customs of the people were various and puzzling. While Alexander's conquest was brief, ending with his death in 323 BCE, the Greeks would settle in the Indian region for the next two centuries, forging an era of productive interactions between the two cultures. The Greek Experience of India explores the various ways that the Greeks reacted to and constructed life in India during this fruitful period. From observations about botany and mythology to social customs, Richard Stoneman examines the surviving evidence of those who traveled to India. Most particularly, he offers a full and valuable look at Megasthenes, ambassador of the Seleucid king Seleucus to Chandragupta Maurya, and provides a detailed discussion of Megasthenes's now-fragmentary book Indica. Stoneman considers the art, literature, and philosophy of the Indo-Greek kingdom and how cultural influences crossed in both directions, with the Greeks introducing their writing, coinage, and sculptural and architectural forms, while Greek craftsmen learned to work with new materials such as ivory and stucco and to probe the ideas of Buddhists and other ascetics.