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Recent observations by atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes such as H.E.S.S. and MAGIC have revealed a large number of new sources of very-high-energy (VHE) gamma-rays above 100 GeV, mostly concentrated along the Galactic plane. At lower energies (100 MeV - 10 GeV) the satellite-based instrument EGRET revealed a population of sources clustering along the Galactic Plane. Given their adjacent energy bands a systematic correlation study between the two source classes seems appropriate. While only a few of the sources connect, both in terms of positional coincidence and spectral consistency, most of the detections occur only in one or the other energy domain. In these cases, for the first time consistent upper limits in the other energy band have been derived. Here, the populations of Galactic sources in both energy domains are characterized on observational as well as on theoretical grounds, followed by an interpretation on their similarities and differences. The observational data at this stage suggest rather different major source populations at GeV and TeV energies. With regards to preparations for the upcoming GLAST mission that will cover the energy range bridging GeV and TeV instruments this paper investigates the connection between the population of sources in these bands and concludes with predictions for commonly observable sources for GLAST-LAT detections.
This is the sixth edition in a series of Workshops on High Energy Gamma-Ray Experiments, following the ones held in Perugia (2002), Bari (2004), Cividale del Friuli (2005), Elba Island (2006) and Villa Mondragone (2007). The year the focus is on the region known by the acronym VHE (Very High Energy), bridging the gap between GeV and TeV. The physics that lies in this region is of the utmost importance to improve our knowledge of many different astrophysical sources like pulsars, AGNs, GRBs, and our understanding of the main components of the Extragalactic Background Light (EBL). An update is given on the current and planned research for spaceborne and ground-based experiments dedicated to the observation of the gamma-ray sky.
The Hubble Deep Field (HDF) is the deepest optical image of the Universe ever obtained. It is the result of a 150-orbit observing programme with the Hubble Space Telescope. It provides a unique resource for researchers studying the formation and evolution of stars and galaxies. This timely volume provides the first comprehensive overview of the HDF and its scientific impact on our understanding in cosmology. It presents articles by a host of world experts who gathered together at an international conference at the Space Telescope Science Institute. The contributions combine observations of the HDF at a variety of wavelengths with the latest theoretical progress in our understanding of the cosmic history of star and galaxy formation. The HDF is set to revolutionize our understanding in cosmology. This book therefore provides an indispensable reference for all graduate students and researchers in observational or theoretical cosmology.
This book provides a theoretical and observational overview of the state of the art of gamma-ray astrophysics, and their impact and connection with the physics of cosmic rays and neutrinos. With the aim of shedding new and fresh light on the problem of the nature of the gamma-ray sources, particularly those yet unidentified, this book summarizes contributions to a workshop that continues today.
This book addresses three “hot” topics concerning the general problem of the origin of Galactic cosmic rays, namely (1) the acceleration, propagation, and radiation of particles in supernova remnants; (2) very high energy neutrinos from the Galactic Center; and (3) the potential held by the next-generation gamma-ray and neutrino detectors CTA and KM3NeT for studying extended non-thermal sources in the Galaxy. The topics are intrinsically connected to determining the nature (“hadronic or leptonic?”) of gamma-ray emissions from young and middle-aged supernova remnants and the search for cosmic-ray PeVatrons. The results and conclusions provided here are based on extensive analytical and numerical simulations, which are formulated and presented in a straightforward format that can be readily used in the interpretations of gamma-ray and neutrino observations, as well as for confident predictions for future measurements.
Very high energy gamma-rays can be used to probe some of the most violent environments in the Universe, such as supernovae and supernovae remnants, pulsar-powered nebulae, and superluminal jets of active galaxies powered by super-massive black holes. The diffuse gamma radiation arising from the interaction of cosmic-ray particles with matter and radiation in the Galaxy is one of the few probes available to study the origin of cosmic-rays, whose origin is still a mystery a century after their discovery. Unlike charged cosmic-ray particles, gamma-ray photons are not bent in galactic and extra-galactic magnetic fields. They are also less easily absorbed by gas and dust in galaxies than light of longer wavelengths. Since there are very few of these photons, detection is done using ground instruments with large sensitive area. The main challenge for such instruments is to distinguish gamma-ray photons from the overwhelming background of hadronic cosmic rays. In this book, a new background rejection technique for the Milagro detector is presented. This new technique resulted in the discovery of three new VHE gamma-ray sources along with diffuse emission of VHE gamma-rays from the Galaxy.
The `International Heidelberg Workshop on TeV Gamma-Ray Astrophysics' brought together astrophysicists from the various fields which play a role in the formation of high energy gamma-ray emission. In particular, theoretical and observational aspects of the physics and astrophysics of pulsars and quasars, the acceleration of particles at Supernova Remnants and other strong astrophysical shock fronts, and cascade processes in universal background photon fields were comprehensively discussed in more than thirty reviews by leading experts. In their entirety these reviews describe the birth of a new field of astronomy. This field concerns cosmic gamma-rays of very high energy which are observed with ground-based optical telescopes due to the Cherenkov emission of the secondary particles created by the interaction of these gamma-rays with atoms in the Earth's atmosphere. Beyond that, the workshop encompassed the latest developments and trends in theory and observation of cosmic gamma-ray sources of all energies, from nuclear gamma-ray lines in the MeV-region, through the Bremsstrahlung, Inverse Compton, and pion decay continuum emission, to gamma-rays due the decay of exotic relics from the early Universe. Audience: Specialists as well as students in physics and astrophysics and young research workers.